Abstract: An outboard motor has an engine and a mounting case disposed below and connected to the engine. The mounting case has a depression opening upward. The opening is covered by a cover to form a coolant chamber. An exhaust passage passes through the coolant chamber and communicates with an exhaust expansion chamber formed by an extension case to be positioned below the mounting case. The coolant chamber is covered by the cover so that a small mating surface is formed with the coolant chamber independently of an engine mating surface of the mounting case. This simplifies the structure of the mounting case.

Abstract: A system for detecting overheat of an internal combustion engine for an outboard motor. In the system,when an elapsed time since engine staring is within a predetermined time, a detected engine temperature is equal to or greater than a first predetermined temperature and an detected engine speed exceeds an idling speed; a threshold value (compared with the detected engine temperature to determine the engine overheating) is changed to be increased. With this, even if the detected engine temperature is higher than a true or actual temperature at, for example, a high engine load immediately after engine starting or when the engine has been left in the idling state, the system can prevent it from being determined unnecessarily as the overheated condition.

Abstract: An outboard motor has an engine and a mounting case disposed below and connected to the engine. The mounting case has a depression opening upward. The opening is covered by a cover to form a coolant chamber. An exhaust passage passes through the coolant chamber and communicates with an exhaust expansion chamber formed by an extension case to be positioned below the mounting case. The coolant chamber is covered by the cover so that a small mating surface is formed with the coolant chamber independently of an engine mating surface of the mounting case. This simplifies the structure of the mounting case.

Abstract: The problems in crystallization of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, namely, problems in crystal slurry properties in solid-liquid separation, scaling at heat transfer surfaces, and the like, are solved by a method for crystallization of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester which comprises cooling a solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester by indirect heat exchange with a coolant while stirring, wherein the solution is cooled by circulating a coolant while continuously adding an aqueous solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester dropwise to a crystallizing solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester having a temperature difference of not greater than 20.degree. C. from the coolant, thereby to keep a temperature difference of not greater than 20.degree. C. between the coolant and the crystallizing solution.

Abstract: The problems in crystallization of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, namely, problems in crystal slurry properties in solid-liquid separation, scaling at heat transfer surfaces, and the like, are solved by a method for crystallization of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester which comprises cooling a solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester by indirect heat exchange with a coolant while stirring, wherein the solution is cooled by circulating a coolant while continuously adding an aqueous solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester dropwise to a crystallizing solution of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester having a temperature difference of not greater than 20.degree. C. from the coolant, thereby to keep a temperature difference of not greater than 20.degree. C. between the coolant and the crystallizing solution.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid from the mother liquor obtained by the solid-liquid separation of a suspension of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester crystals is disclosed.