Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing megakaryocytes that have an increased capacity to produce platelets, the method comprising a step of culturing, under conditions that cause the death of cells that do not express a gene that is specifically expressed by megakaryocytes, cells that have the capacity to differentiate into megakaryocytes.

Abstract: Healthy functional platelets are mass produced. A method for producing platelets, comprising: (1) a culture step of culturing megakaryocytes in a platelet producing medium in the presence of mechanical stress and platelet production promoting factors including MIF, NRDc, IGFBP2, TSP-1, PAI-1, and CCL5, and (2) a harvest step of harvesting the platelets obtained by the culture step; wherein the culture step comprises: (a) a step of promoting a release of the platelet production promoting factors from megakaryocytes by mechanical stress; and/or (b) a step of externally adding platelet production promoting factors including MIF, NRDc, and IGFBP2.

Abstract: A medicine includes glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof, wherein the medicine is used for treating or preventing sialorrhea and the like. A therapeutic drug enables the treatment of sialorrhea by affixing and a novel salt of glycopyrronium is suitable for a transdermal absorptive preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a platelet comprising: (a) a step of culturing a megakaryocyte for at least 6 days in a platelet production medium in which a turbulent flow is generated; and (b) a step of injecting the medium comprising the megakaryocyte that has undergone step (a) into a predetermined platelet production device to expose the megakaryocyte to a laminar flow.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing megakaryocytes that have an increased capacity to produce platelets, the method comprising a step of culturing, under conditions that cause the death of cells that do not express a gene that is specifically expressed by megakaryocytes, cells that have the capacity to differentiate into megakaryocytes.

Abstract: Methods of production and apparatuses for production for stably producing healthy and functional platelets, and methods for determining operating conditions of an apparatus for producing platelets are provided. The present invention relates to methods of production comprising a step of culturing megakaryocytes in a platelet production medium C, wherein the step of culturing comprises a step of stirring a medium C in containers 1, 4 using stirring mechanisms 2, 5. In one method of production, the step of stirring comprises reciprocating stirring blades 21, 24 in the stirring mechanisms 2, 24 such that any of predetermined turbulent energy, shearing stresses, or Kolmogorov scale is produced, in the medium C. In another method of production, the step of stirring comprises pivoting a stirring blade 51 in the stirring mechanism 5 wherein a plurality of stationary members 53 is placed therearound in a bottom region 4e of the container 4 such that the step of stirring produces turbulence in the medium C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly functional platelet production promoting agent which comprises one or a plurality of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists and one or a plurality of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (ROCK) inhibitors.

Abstract: Healthy functional platelets are mass produced. A method for producing platelets, comprising: (1) a culture step of culturing megakaryocytes in a platelet producing medium in the presence of mechanical stress and platelet production promoting factors including MIF, NRDc, IGFBP2, TSP-1, PAI-1, and CCL5, and (2) a harvest step of harvesting the platelets obtained by the culture step; wherein the culture step comprises: (a) a step of promoting a release of the platelet production promoting factors from megakaryocytes by mechanical stress; and/or (b) a step of externally adding platelet production promoting factors including MIF, NRDc, and IGFBP2.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting polyploidization of megakaryocytes and thereby producing highly polyploidized megakaryocytes, a method of efficiently producing platelets from polyploidized megakaryocytes, and the like. The present invention provides a method of producing polyploidized megakaryocytes comprising a step of forcing expression of an apoptosis suppressor gene in megakaryocytes before polyploidization and culturing the resulting cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for culturing pluripotent stem cells, comprising the step of contacting pluripotent stem cells with laminin 421 or a fragment thereof, laminin 121 or a fragment thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly functional platelet production promoting agent which comprises one or a plurality of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists and one or a plurality of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (ROCK) inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a method for producing specific cells by amplifying cells in a desired differentiation stage. The present invention provides a method for producing specific cells by inducing differentiation of cells, wherein an oncogene is forcibly expressed in cells in a desired differentiation stage to amplify the cells in the desired differentiation stage. The present invention also provides a method for producing specific cells, wherein oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) which is induced by the oncogene expressed in the cells in the desired differentiation stage is suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing megakaryocytes that have an increased capacity to produce platelets, the method comprising a step of culturing, under conditions that cause the death of cells that do not express a gene that is specifically expressed by megakaryocytes, cells that have the capacity to differentiate into megakaryocytes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting polyploidization of megakaryocytes and thereby producing highly polyploidized megakaryocytes, a method of efficiently producing platelets from polyploidized megakaryocytes, and the like. The present invention provides a method of producing polyploidized megakaryocytes comprising a step of forcing expression of an apoptosis suppressor gene in megakaryocytes before polyploidization and culturing the resulting cells.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting polyploidization of megakaryocytes and thereby producing highly polyploidized megakaryocytes, a method of efficiently producing platelets from polyploidized megakaryocytes, and the like. The present invention provides a method of producing polyploidized megakaryocytes comprising a step of forcing expression of an apoptosis suppressor gene in megakaryocytes before polyploidization and culturing the resulting cells.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a method for producing specific cells by amplifying cells in a desired differentiation stage. The present invention provides a method for producing specific cells by inducing differentiation of cells, wherein an oncogene is forcibly expressed in cells in a desired differentiation stage to amplify the cells in the desired differentiation stage. The present invention also provides a method for producing specific cells, wherein oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) which is induced by the oncogene expressed in the cells in the desired differentiation stage is suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a method for producing specific cells by amplifying cells in a desired differentiation stage. The present invention provides a method for producing specific cells by inducing differentiation of cells, wherein an oncogene is forcibly expressed in cells in a desired differentiation stage to amplify the cells in the desired differentiation stage. The present invention also provides a method for producing specific cells, wherein oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) which is induced by the oncogene expressed in the cells in the desired differentiation stage is suppressed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting polyploidization of megakaryocytes and thereby producing highly polyploidized megakaryocytes, a method of efficiently producing platelets from polyploidized megakaryocytes, and the like. The present invention provides a method of producing polyploidized megakaryocytes comprising a step of forcing expression of an apoptosis suppressor gene in megakaryocytes before polyploidization and culturing the resulting cells.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a method for producing specific cells by amplifying cells in a desired differentiation stage. The present invention provides a method for producing specific cells by inducing differentiation of cells, wherein an oncogene is forcibly expressed in cells in a desired differentiation stage to amplify the cells in the desired differentiation stage. The present invention also provides a method for producing specific cells, wherein oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) which is induced by the oncogene expressed in the cells in the desired differentiation stage is suppressed.

Abstract: The encoding device of the present invention comprises a type determination unit inputs each bit of the weblet co-efficient in a depth direction in parallel and determines type information indicating which the bit is, the first “1” bit when viewed from an MSB side, a bit located further on the MSB side than the first “1” bit, a bit located further on an LSB side than the first “1” bit, a buffer unit for buffering the determined type information of each bit for each bit depth and a pass determination unit for determining pass information of a type information to process, of a plurality of pieces of type information, based on the plurality of pieces of buffered type information of the same depth.