Abstract: There is here disclosed a nozzle type ELID grinding apparatus comprising a conductive grindstone 12 having a contact surface with a workpiece 1; and an ion supply nozzle 16 that supplies an electrolytic medium 2 containing hydroxyl ions (OH?) onto a surface of the conductive grindstone, the workpiece being ground while the surface of the grindstone is dressed by electrolysis or chemical reaction. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a grindstone power source 14 for setting the conductive grindstone to be a positive potential (+).

Abstract: There is here disclosed a nozzle type ELID grinding apparatus comprising a conductive grindstone 12 having a contact surface with a workpiece 1; and an ion supply nozzle 16 that supplies an electrolytic medium 2 containing hydroxyl ions (OH?) onto a surface of the conductive grindstone, the workpiece being ground while the surface of the grindstone is dressed by electrolysis or chemical reaction. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a grindstone power source 14 for setting the conductive grindstone to be a positive potential (+).

Abstract: An apparatus for photographing a moving body. A video memory including a plurality of frame memories is used in order to store frame images obtained by a plurality of photographing operations. The frame images obtained by photographing are sequentially stored in any of frame memories. Any of a plurality of frame memories is selected in accordance with a detection of a front edge or a rear edge of a vehicle, and a frame image in a selected frame memory is used. A speed of a vehicle is used for this selection. In another case, apparatuses for photographing, such as TV cameras or storage devices such as video memories are provided in a plurality of systems, and a frame relating to either of the systems is selected in accordance with the speed. The high speed processing is enabled without image processings such as clipping of characters on a license plate.

Abstract: An automatic debiting system and method suitable for free lane traveling. Debiting antennas disposed on a first gantry are used to communicate with an in-vehicle unit (IU) mounted on the vehicle for debiting. The passages of the vehicles are detected by the loop coils or line scanners, and the license plates, etc., of the vehicles are photographed by the enforcement cameras. Debiting confirmation antennas on second gantry are used to communicate with the IU for the confirmation of debiting. When the normal debiting is confirmed, a local controller informs a system central controller of the fact, whereas when abnormal debiting is confirmed, images of the license plate, etc., of the illegal vehicle are transmitted to the system central controller as illegal vehicle images. The debiting is thus possible at the time of free lane traveling.