Abstract: Local, autonomous rules for grid-forming inverter control are disclosed herein that maintain sufficient inverter capacity in the event of disruptions. The controls only rely on local measurements of frequency, voltage, real and reactive power, and real and reactive power set-points. Inverters using such controls do not need neighboring node or inverter measurements. Additionally, the control systems described herein apply local inverter parameters such as droop gains and inverter capacity. These local controls provide robustness to uncertainty in the measurements or to malicious data, and require very little computational power to obtain appropriate set points independent of topology or network parameters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for extracting maximal frequency response potential in controllable loads. In one example, a method includes assigning a fitness metric to at least one electrical device coupled to a power grid, assigning a frequency threshold based on the fitness metric, and transmitting the assigned frequency threshold to the at least one electrical device. The fitness metric can be based at least in part on an availability component and a quality component associated with the at least one device and the frequency threshold can cause the at least one electrical device to activate autonomously based on a frequency of the power grid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for extracting maximal frequency response potential in controllable loads. In one example, a method includes assigning a fitness metric to at least one electrical device coupled to a power grid, assigning a frequency threshold based on the fitness metric, and transmitting the assigned frequency threshold to the at least one electrical device. The fitness metric can be based at least in part on an availability component and a quality component associated with the at least one device and the frequency threshold can cause the at least one electrical device to activate autonomously based on a frequency of the power grid.