Abstract: A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises a non-precious metal and an oxide to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of odd-numbered hydrocarbons to even-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.

Abstract: A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises a non-precious metal a first oxide and optionally a second oxide wherein at least one of the first oxide or second oxide comprises a zeolite, through hydrodeoxygenation and one or both of hydroisomerization and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A fluorinated alkylalkoxylate, and a process for its preparation in which at least one fluorinated alcohol is contacted with at least one alkylene epoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an alkali metal borohydride, and an organic quaternary salt.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing hexafluoroisopropanol is provided which comprises contacting hexafluoroacetone with hexafluoroisopropanol and hydrogen to produce a liquid feed stream; introducing the liquid feed stream to a reactor containing an immobilized hydrogenation catalyst to convert the hexafluoroacetone to hexafluoroisopropanol and provide a product stream; and recovering at least a portion of the hexafluoroisopropanol from the product stream. Preferably a portion of the product stream is recycled. The reactor can be a packed bed or stirred tank reactor.

Abstract: A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises molybdenum, a non-precious metal and an oxide to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.

Abstract: A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises a non-precious metal a first oxide and optionally a second oxide wherein at least one of the first oxide or second oxide comprises a zeolite, through hydrodeoxygenation and one or both of hydroisomerization and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises a non-precious metal and an oxide to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of odd-numbered hydrocarbons to even-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of production of lactams from aminonitriles, and in particular to the production of ?-caprolactam by the vapor phase hydrolytic cyclization of 6-aminocapronitrile. A crude liquid caprolactam comprising ?-caprolactam (CL), 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and water obtained from a vapor phase cyclization reaction of ACN is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to convert the ACN in the crude liquid caprolactam to a product comprising hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and hexamethyleneimine (HMI). Tetrahydroazepine (THA) in the crude liquid caprolactam is converted to HMI during this hydrogenation. The HMD and HMI have lower boiling points compared to ACN and thus they are more easily separated from CL in the subsequent distillation operations. Thus a process to make CL from ACN with fewer distillation stages, and with lower pressure drop and lower base temperature, is accomplished.

Abstract: Lactams, in particular ?-caprolactam, are produced by the hydrolytic cyclization of aminonitriles, in particular 6-aminocapronitrile, in the vapor phase in a plurality of adiabatic fixed bed reaction zones arranged in succession wherein at least a portion of the heat of the exothermic reaction is removed between each of the successive reaction zones. Conducting the reaction in such a manner requires less capital for the reactor itself. It has also been found that the product exiting such a reaction system can be directly fed to a distillation unit without the need of additional cooling or storing.

Abstract: Elevated temperature, gas-phase, catalyzed processes for preparing HCN in which induction heating is used as a source of energy, and novel apparatus for carrying out said processes.

Abstract: Process for converting a dinitrile to a diamine and optionally an aminonitrile, in which a Group VIII element catalyst is treated with a modifier either before or during a substantially solvent-free hydrogenation reaction in which the dinitrile is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for making 6-aminocaproic acid by hydroformylating 3-pentenenitrile to produce 3-, 4-, and 5-formylvaleronitrile (FVN mixture), oxidizing the FVN mixture to produce 3-, 4-, and 5-cyanovaleric acid; hydrogenating the resulting product to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, 5-amino-4-methylvaleric acid, and 4-amino-3-ethylbutyric acid; and isolating 6-aminocaproic acid from the reaction product. The resulting 6-aminocaproic acid can be cyclized to produce caprolactam.

Abstract: A process for making alkyl 6-aminocaproate by hydroformylating 3-pentenenitrile to produce 3-, 4-, and 5-formylvaleronitrile (FVN mixture), converting the FVN mixture to alkyl 3-, 4-, and 5-cyanovalerate by either oxidative esterification of the FVN mixture or oxidation of the FVN mixture followed by esterification; isolating alkyl 5-cyanovalerate; and hydrogenating the alkyl 5-cyanovalerate to produce alkyl 6-aminocaproate. The resulting alkyl 6-aminocaproate can be cyclized to produce caprolactam.

Abstract: A beam or flow of a reactive or metastable precursor such as a hydride or organometallic compound is created, and this beam or flow is used to treat (e.g. dope or coat or otherwise modify) a substrate, e.g. an advanced material such as a semiconductor layer, a photovoltaic cell, or a solar cell. The beam or flow can also be directed into a storage zone so that the precursor or precursors can be collected for future use. The beam or flow is created in an apparatus comprising at least three zones. Zone 1 is irradiated with microwave energy to generate a reactive gas rich in free radicals (e.g. rich in H.sup.., CH.sub.3.sup.., etc.) zone 2 (downstream from zone 1) is substantially free of microwave energy and contains a target which is impinged upon by the free radicals and becomes a source of the precursor; zone 3 (downstream from zone 2) is where the precursors are either collected for storage or are used to treat the substrate. In a typical apparatus of this invention, a feed gas such as H.sub.2 or CH.sub.