Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,6-hexanediol and synthetic intermediates useful in the production of 1,6-hexanediol from renewable biosources. In one embodiment, a process comprises contacting levoglucosenone with hydrogen in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst at a first temperature to form product mixture (I); and heating product mixture (I) in the presence of hydrogen and a second hydrogenation catalyst at a second temperature to form product mixture (II) which comprises 1,6-hexanediol. In one embodiment, the 1,6-hexanediol is converted to 1,6-diaminohexane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In some embodiments, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising metals M1, M2, and M3 and optionally a support, wherein: M1 is Mn, Cr, V, or Ti; M2 is Ni, Co, or Fe; and M3 is Cu, Ag, Pt, Pd or Au; or M1 is Pt or Rh; M2 is Cu, Ni or Pd; and M3 is Mo, Re or W. The Cn oxygenate may be obtained from a biorenewable resource.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a first metal component comprising Ni, Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ag, or Au; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4]Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Fe, a Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, a Zn oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising Cu, a Cu oxide, or mixtures thereof; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Fe, an Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, or a Zn oxide, Ag, a Ag oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,6-hexanediol and synthetic intermediates useful in the production of 1,6-hexanediol from renewable biosources. In one embodiment, a process comprises contacting levoglucosenone with hydrogen in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst at a first temperature to form product mixture (I); and heating product mixture (I) in the presence of hydrogen and a second hydrogenation catalyst at a second temperature to form product mixture (II) which comprises 1,6-hexanediol. In one embodiment, the 1,6-hexanediol is converted to 1,6-diaminohexane.

Abstract: This invention provides a process of making a linear dicarboxylic acid of C10, C12, C14, C16 or C18 chain length, the process comprising providing a feed which is a renewable resource, contacting the feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and at a temperature of about 250° C. to about 425° C. and at a pressure of about 500 psig to about 2500 psig (3450 kPa to about 17,250 kPa) to produce a hydrocarbon product having at least a 5:1 ratio of even-numbered alkanes to odd-numbered alkanes and comprising a linear alkane of Cn chain length; and fermenting at least a portion of the linear alkane of Cn chain length to a linear dicarboxylic acid of Cn chain length, wherein n=10, 12, 14, 16 or 18. The catalyst comprises an oxide, molybdenum, and one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof and the catalyst is in sulfided form.

Abstract: A hydrodeoxygenation process for producing a linear alkane from a feedstock comprising a saturated or unsaturated C10-18 oxygenate that comprises an ester group, carboxylic acid group, carbonyl group and/or alcohol group is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a catalyst comprising (i) about 0.1% to 10% by weight of a metal selected from Group IB or VIII of the Periodic Table, and (ii) about 0.5% to 15% by weight of tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, zinc, chromium, germanium, tin, titanium, gold, and/or zirconium, at a temperature between about 150° C. to 250° C. and a hydrogen gas pressure of at least 300 psig. By contacting the feedstock with the catalyst under these temperature and pressure conditions, the C10-18 oxygenate is hydrodeoxygenated to a linear alkane that has the same carbon chain length as the C10-18 oxygenate.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of tetrahydrofuran and related compounds by hydrogenation of furan and derivatives, using a sponge nickel catalyst that has been promoted with iron and chromium.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds such as o-xylene are selectively nitrated by nitric acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid and a large pore, acidic zeolite or a large pore, hydrophobic molecular sieve. This is an environmentally friendly, commercially viable, high conversion process for the selective nitration of aromatic compounds in the para position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a first metal component comprising Ni, Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ag, or Au; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4]Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Fe, a Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, a Zn oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising Cu, a Cu oxide, or mixtures thereof; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Fe, an Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, or a Zn oxide, Ag, a Ag oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru, or Fe on a WO3 or WOx support. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal M1 and a metal M2 or an oxide of M2, and optionally a support. In one embodiment, M1 is Pd, Pt, or Ir; and M2 is Mo, W, V, Mn, Re, Zr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ge, Sn, Ti, Au, or Co. The Cn oxygenate may be obtained from a biorenewable resource.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In some embodiments, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising metals M1, M2, and M3 and optionally a support, wherein: M1 is Mn, Cr, V, or Ti; M2 is Ni, Co, or Fe; and M3 is Cu, Ag, Pt, Pd or Au; or M1 is Pt or Rh; M2 is Cu, Ni or Pd; and M3 is Mo, Re or W. The Cn oxygenate may be obtained from a biorenewable resource.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,6-hexanediol from levoglucosenone. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting levoglucosenone with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising palladium, platinum/tungsten, nickel/tungsten, rhodium/rhenium, or mixtures thereof at a first temperature between about 50° C. and 100° C. and at a first reaction pressure between about 50 psi and 2000 psi for a first reaction period, and at a second temperature between about 120° C. and 250° C. and at a second pressure between about 500 psi and 2000 psi for a second reaction period to form a product mixture comprising 1,6-hexanediol, wherein the first reaction period is the amount of time in which the levoglucosenone has a conversion of at least about 95%. In one embodiment, the 1,6-hexanediol is converted to 1,6-diaminohexane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid by adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1): Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O-(QO)z—H ??(1) Wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorinated alkylalkoxylate compound of Formula 1, Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O—(QO)z—H ??(1) wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms; x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: An improved process for producing perfluoroalkyl iodides of formula (I) F(CF2CF2)n—I??(I) wherein n is an integer from 2 to 3, wherein the improvement comprises contacting at least one perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula (II) and at least one perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula (III) F(CF2CF2)m—I??(II) F(CF2CF2)p—I??(III) wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and p is an integer equal to or lower than 2, at a) a molar ratio of formula (III) to formula (II) of from about 1:1 to about 6:1, b) a residence time of from about 1 to about 9 seconds, and c) a temperature of from about 450° C. to about 495° C.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of tetrahydrofuran and related compounds by hydrogenation of furan and derivatives, using a sponge nickel catalyst that has been promoted with iron and chromium.

Abstract: This invention provides a process of making a linear dicarboxylic acid of C10, C12, C14, C16 or C18 chain length, the process comprising providing a feed which is a renewable resource, contacting the feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and at a temperature of about 250° C. to about 425° C. and at a pressure of about 500 psig to about 2500 psig (3450 kPa to about 17,250 kPa) to produce a hydrocarbon product having at least a 5:1 ratio of even-numbered alkanes to odd-numbered alkanes and comprising a linear alkane of Cn chain length; and fermenting at least a portion of the linear alkane of Cn chain length to a linear dicarboxylic acid of Cn chain length, wherein n=10, 12, 14, 16 or 18. The catalyst comprises an oxide, molybdenum, and one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof and the catalyst is in sulfided form.

Abstract: An improved process for producing perfluoroalkyl iodides of formula (I) F(CF2CF2)n—I??(I) wherein n is an integer from 2 to 3, wherein the improvement comprises contacting at least one perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula (II) and at least one perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula (III) F(CF2CF2)m—I??(II) F(CF2CF2)p—I??(III) wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and p is an integer equal to or lower than 2, at a) a molar ratio of formula (III) to formula (II) of from about 1:1 to about 6:1, b) a residence time of from about 1 to about 9 seconds, and c) a temperature of from about 450° C. to about 495° C.