Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons within a reservoir includes (a) injecting an aqueous solution into the reservoir. The aqueous solution includes water and a thermally activated chemical species. The thermally activated chemical species is urea, a urea derivative, or a carbamate. The thermally activated chemical agent is thermally activated at or above a threshold temperature less than 200° C. In addition, the method includes (b) thermally activating the thermally activated chemical species in the aqueous solution during or after (a) at a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature to produce carbon-dioxide and at least one of ammonia, amine, and alkanolamine within the reservoir. Further, the method includes (c) increasing the water wettability of the subterranean formation in response to the thermally activation in (b). Still further, the method includes (d) waterflooding the reservoir with water after (a), (b) and (c).

Abstract: An evaporative cooling device including a combination of insulative surfaces and evaporative surfaces that may hold and cool contents with walls that are made of semipermeable materials. The evaporative surfaces store and facilitate the evaporation of a liquid to cool the interior of the evaporative cooling device while the insulative surfaces limit heat transfer in or out of the evaporative cooling device from air, sunlight or the ground. The evaporative cooling device is further capable of holding a variety of products at a temperature below ambient environmental temperature, assuming less than 100% humidity. Moreover, the evaporative cooling device may be designed to be lightweight and collapsible for easy transport and storage.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling device including a combination of insulative surfaces and evaporative surfaces that may hold and cool contents with walls that are made of semipermeable materials. The evaporative surfaces store and facilitate the evaporation of a liquid to cool the interior of the evaporative cooling device while the insulative surfaces limit heat transfer in or out of the evaporative cooling device from air, sunlight or the ground. The evaporative cooling device is further capable of holding a variety of products at a temperature below ambient environmental temperature, assuming less than 100% humidity. Moreover, the evaporative cooling device may be designed to be lightweight and collapsible for easy transport and storage.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons within a reservoir includes (a) injecting an aqueous solution into the reservoir. The aqueous solution includes water and a thermally activated chemical species. The thermally activated chemical species is urea, a urea derivative, or a carbamate. The thermally activated chemical agent is thermally activated at or above a threshold temperature less than 200° C. In addition, the method includes (b) thermally activating the thermally activated chemical species in the aqueous solution during or after (a) at a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature to produce carbon-dioxide and at least one of ammonia, amine, and alkanolamine within the reservoir. Further, the method includes (c) increasing the water wettability of the subterranean formation in response to the thermally activation in (b). Still further, the method includes (d) waterflooding the reservoir with water after (a), (b) and (c).

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons within a reservoir includes (a) injecting an aqueous solution into the reservoir. The aqueous solution includes water and a thermally activated chemical species. The thermally activated chemical species is urea, a urea derivative, or a carbamate. The thermally activated chemical agent is thermally activated at or above a threshold temperature less than 200 C. In addition, the method includes (b) thermally activating the thermally activated chemical species in the aqueous solution during or after (a) at a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature to produce carbon-dioxide and at least one of ammonia, amine, and alkanolamine within the reservoir. Further, the method includes (c) increasing the water wettability of the subterranean formation in response to the thermally activation in (b). Still further, the method includes (d) waterflooding the reservoir with water after (a), (b) and (c).

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons within a reservoir includes (a) injecting an aqueous solution into the reservoir. The aqueous solution includes water and a thermally activated chemical species. The thermally activated chemical species is urea, a urea derivative, or a carbamate. The thermally activated chemical agent is thermally activated at or above a threshold temperature less than 200 C. In addition, the method includes (b) thermally activating the thermally activated chemical species in the aqueous solution during or after (a) at a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature to produce carbon-dioxide and at least one of ammonia, amine, and alkanolamine within the reservoir. Further, the method includes (c) increasing the water wettability of the subterranean formation in response to the thermally activation in (b). Still further, the method includes (d) waterflooding the reservoir with water after (a), (b) and (c).

Abstract: A method for mobilizing viscous hydrocarbons in a reservoir includes (a) injecting an aqueous solution into the reservoir with the reservoir at the reservoir ambient temperature. The aqueous solution includes water and a water-soluble chemical agent that is substantially non-decomposable and substantially non-reactive in the reservoir at the reservoir ambient temperature. In addition, the method includes (b) adding thermal energy to the reservoir at any time after (a) to increase the temperature of at least a portion of the reservoir to an elevated temperature greater than the ambient temperature of the reservoir. Further, the method includes (c) in response to the elevated temperature in (b), mobilizing at least a portion of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir by reducing the viscosity of the hydrocarbons and allowing the chemical agent to enhance mobilization of the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for recovering viscous hydrocarbons from a reservoir in a subterranean formation includes (a) injecting steam into the reservoir. In addition, the method includes (b) injecting a surfactant into the reservoir with the steam during (a). Further, the method includes (c) decreasing the viscosity of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir with thermal energy from the steam. Still further, the method includes (d) emulsifying the hydrocarbons with the surfactant during (b) and (c). Moreover, the method includes (e) mobilizing at least some of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

Abstract: A method for recovering viscous hydrocarbons from a reservoir in a subterranean formation includes (a) injecting steam into the reservoir. In addition, the method includes (b) injecting a thermally activated chemical species into the reservoir with the steam during (a). The thermally activated chemical species decomposes at a temperature between 40° and 200° C. Further, the method includes (c) decreasing the viscosity of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir during (a) and (b). Still further, the method includes (d) mobilizing at least some of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

Abstract: Various technologies described herein pertain to detecting machine translated content. Documents in a document pair are mutual lingual translations of each other. Further, document level features of the documents in the document pair can be identified. The document level features can correlate with translation quality between the documents in the document pair. Moreover, statistical classification can be used to detect whether the document pair is generated through machine translation based at least in part upon the document level features. Further, a first document can be a machine translation of a second document in the document pair or a disparate document when generated through machine translation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving the thermal oxidative stability of a distillate fuel which comprise selectively reducing the active concentration in the fuel of N—H containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds in which the nitrogen atom of the N—H group is part of the aromatic system, and wherein said fuel also contains an active concentration of metal compounds or will be exposed to active metal compounds in storage or in use. The present invention also provides methods of determining the thermal oxidative stability of a distillate fuel and apparatus for performing said methods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the content of the surfactant in a hydrocarbon distillate fuel wherein: (a) a wettable surface is contacted with a fuel comprising at least one surfactant, (b) the fuel and non adsorbed surfactant is separated from the wettable surface to leave a deposit of the surfactant upon the wettable surface, (c) the wettable surface comprising the surfactant deposit is then exposed to a wetting liquid, (d) the extent or rate of displacement of the wetting liquid over the wettable surface comprising the surfactant deposit is measured, and (e) said measurement is converted to provide a value for the content of surfactant in the hydrocarbon distillate fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving the thermal oxidative stability of a distillate fuel which comprise selectively reducing the active concentration in the fuel of N—H containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds in which the nitrogen atom of the N—H group is part of the aromatic system, and wherein said fuel also contains an active concentration of metal compounds or will be exposed to active metal compounds in storage or in use. The present invention also provides methods of determining the thermal oxidative stability of a distillate fuel and apparatus for performing said methods.

Abstract: Methods and systems for creating online tickets enable a user to purchase a ticket over the Internet and to redeem the ticket for admission at a ticketed event. Barcodes are printed on the tickets and contain unique authentication information. Dual barcoding enables authentication information of the ticket to be read when one of the barcodes is damaged or cannot be read. A copy of the authentication information is stored in a database and is used to verify the authenticity of a ticket when it is presented for redemption at a ticket event. Authenticity of the ticket is verified by comparing authentication information on the ticket with authentication information accessed from the database. To discourage counterfeiting, the tickets contain transparent images that when photocopied become opaque and prevent a ticket from being redeemed.