Abstract: A non-lethal electronic defense device comprising one or more effects such as light, sonic, ultrasonic, infrasonic, chemical, electrical, or mechanical devices capable of causing intense sensations of disorientation, distress, incapacitation, and/or pain for the purpose of protecting a public or private space from an intruder or attacker exhibiting an intent to cause harm to physical inhabitants or destruction of property therein.

Abstract: The disclosed automation systems multiple optical sensors to dynamically and arbitrarily position one or more manipulators to engage with a workpiece in a continuous and precise manner in a workspace. The manipulators can be precision robotic arm(s) or component(s) that engage with the workpieces, such as parts and tools. The optical sensors obtain real-time positioning data for the robotic arms or components to allow them to precisely engage with the workpieces and avoid collision with each other.

Abstract: A modulated electromagnetic musical instrument and sound reproduction system includes an acoustic carrier signal source, a modulation signal source, a linkage element, and an acoustic output. The acoustic carrier signal source is produced electromagnetically or mechanically via human instrument playing. An electromagnetic modulation source mixes with the acoustic carrier signal within a linkage element to produce a nonlinear behavior. This nonlinear behavior's coupled interaction with a physical medium or acoustic body produces sideband frequency components to form unique musical sound outputs and audio effects.

Abstract: A modulated electromagnetic musical instrument and sound reproduction system includes an acoustic carrier signal source, a modulation signal source, a linkage element, and an acoustic output. The acoustic carrier signal source is produced electromagnetically or mechanically via human instrument playing. An electromagnetic modulation source mixes with the acoustic carrier signal within a linkage element to produce a nonlinear behavior. This nonlinear behavior's coupled interaction with a physical medium or acoustic body produces sideband frequency components to form unique musical sound outputs and audio effects.