Abstract: Compounds of the formula DNB-TZ(P2) (P3) X, wherein TZ is a tetrazolium ring, DNB is 5-(2,4-dinitrophenyl), X is halide and P2 and P3 are each independently halophenyl, nitrophenyl or phenyl. The compound INDT 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) tetrazolium bromide exhibits facile reduction to insoluble chromophoric formazan compared to the chromagen INT. INDT differs structurally from INT 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride by having 2,4-dinitrophenyl instead of phenyl at the 5-position on the tetrazolium ring. The compounds, including INDT, are useful as chromagens for histological staining, as well as in enzyme-amplified staining as a part of immunological or hybridization assays.

Abstract: As new compounds, substituted aryloxyphenoxy benzamides having the formula ##STR1## in which X is CH or nitrogen; Y is chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, methyl, cyano or hydrogen; Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, CH.sub.n, F.sub.3-n where n is an integer from 0 to 3; R is nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen or halogen; R' is hydrogen, CH.sub.3, lower alkyl, having 1-10 carbon atoms, SCCl.sub.3, ##STR2## or --PO.sub.3 R.sup.3.sub.2 wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, aryl, or an equivalent of base such as a salt; R" is cyano, --C.tbd.CH, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, aryl or an equivalent of base such as a salt; and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing organo-sulfonium halide of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an halide, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of: alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, inclusive; allyl having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, inclusive; alkenyl having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, inclusive; alkynyl having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, inclusive; aryl having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, inclusive; and wherein said alkyl, allyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl are optionally substituted with a group that is inert to organo-sulfides comprising: reacting an alcohol, e.g. methanol, with an halide derivative which when reacted with an organo-sulfide forms an organo-sulfonium halide, e.g., thionyl halide, sulfuryl halide and carbonyl halide; and then adding an organo-sulfide, e.g., dimethyl sulfide, to the above reaction mixture with agitation while allowing the gas formed to be eliminated so that the organo-sulfonium halide, e.g., trimethyl sulfonium halide, is formed.

Abstract: As new compounds, substituted aryloxyphenoxy benzamides having the formula ##STR1## in which X is nitrogen; Y is chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, methyl, cyano or hydrogen; Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, CH.sub.n, F.sub.3-n where n is an integer from 0 to 3; R is nitro, hydrogen or halogen; R' is hydrogen, CH.sub.3, lower alkyl, having 1-10 carbon atoms, SCCl.sub.3, ##STR2## or --PO.sub.3 R.sup.3.sub.2 wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, aryl, or an equivalent of base such as a salt; R" is cyano, --C.tbd.CH, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, aryl or an equivalent of base such as a salt; and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.These compounds are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: Diphenyl ether derivatives of the formula ##STR1## and tautomers thereof wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, methyl, cyano or hydrogen; Y is CF.sub.n H.sub.3-n or chlorine, wherein n is an integer from 0 to 3; R is selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen or halogen; R" is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, or substituted alkyl wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R"' is the same or different and is selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, phenyl or hydrogen; and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are effective as herbicides.

Abstract: As new compounds, substituted aryloxy benzoyl amino acid esters having the formula ##STR1## in which R is NO.sub.2, hydrogen or halogen; R' is H, lower alkyl having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, PO.sub.3 R'2, SCC1.sub.3, or any combination thereof; R" is lower alkyl having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, hydrogen, aryl, or a salt-forming cation selected from alkaline earth metals, magnesium, calcium, barium, iron, copper, zinc, and any other agriculturally acceptable salt; n is 1, 2, 3 or 4; W is oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; X is CH or nitrogen; Y is chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, methyl, hydrogen or cyano; and Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, or CH.sub.m F.sub.3-m where m is the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3. These compounds are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising reacting a glycine derivative with a halosulfonic acid to form a N-sulfonylglycine derivative, then phosphonomethylating the N-sulfonylglycine derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-sulfonylglycine derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate or the acid derivative.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-sulfonylglycine derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-sulfonylglycine derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g., glyphosate, or the acid derivative.The N-sulfonylglycine derivative can be prepared by reacting a sulfonic acid derivative with a haloacetic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-carbamylated amino acid derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-carbamylated amino acid derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-carbamylated amino acid derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-carbamylated amino acid derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating a N-carboxymethyl-S-methylene bisdithiocarbamate with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated bisdithiocarbamate which is then hydrolyzed to the phosphonomethylated amino acid salt. Acidification yields the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising protecting a primary amino acid ester or salt with a carbon dioxide protecting group, phosphonomethylating the protected amino compound formed, and removing the carbon dioxide protecting group by acidification.