Abstract: An apparatus and method of focusing a functional material is provided. The apparatus includes a pressurized source of fluid in a thermodynamically stable mixture with a functional material. A discharge device having an inlet and an outlet is connected to the pressurized source at the inlet. The discharge device is shaped to produce a collimated beam of functional material, where the fluid is in a gaseous state at a location before or beyond the outlet of the discharge device. The fluid can be one of a compressed liquid and a supercritical fluid. The thermodynamically stable mixture includes one of the functional material being dispersed in the fluid and the functional material being dissolved in the fluid.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method having the steps of: I) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; II) loading the printer with a porous ink jet recording element having a support having thereon a porous image-receiving layer having: (a) particles having a mean particle size of from greater than 0.04 &mgr;m to about 5 &mgr;m; and (b) water insoluble, cationic, polymeric particles having at least about 20 mole percent of a cationic mordant moiety; III) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition; and IV) printing on the image-receiving layer using the ink jet ink composition in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method, comprising the steps of: A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; B) loading the printer with an ink jet recording element comprising a support having thereon a porous image-receiving layer comprising at least about 90% by weight of particles and less than about 10% by weight of a binder, the image-receiving layer also containing a nonionic surfactant having an HLB number of less than about 10 in an amount to substantially prevent foaming of the coating composition which is used to coat the support with the image-receiving layer; C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink; and D) printing on the porous image-receiving layer using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method having the steps of: a) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; b) loading the printer with an ink jet recording element of a substrate having thereon an image-receiving layer of an inorganic, anionic pigment, an organic, anionic binder, an organic, cationic mordant and thermoplastic polymer particles; c) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition; and d) printing on the recording element using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: A process for making a stable coating comprising an inorganic, anionic pigment, an organic, anionic binder and an organic, cationic mordant comprising: a) mixing the inorganic, anionic pigment with the organic, cationic mordant; b) lowering the pH of the mixture to below about 4; and c) adding the organic, anionic binder to the mixture, thus providing a coating composition which has an approximately constant viscosity over a period of time.

Abstract: A process for forming a silver halide photographic emulsion is disclosed comprising precipitating silver halide grains in an aqueous dispersing medium to which has been added silver and halide salt solutions while agitating the dispersing medium, wherein the precipitation is done in the presence of an antifoamant compound of the formula RO(CH2CH2O)nH wherein R represents an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 10 to 25 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof, and n represents a mean value of from 2 to 4. The antifoamant material may be delivered to the aqueous dispersing medium as a small particle dispersion, made with the same peptizer used for manufacturing the emulsion or another stabilizer. A further embodiment of the invention is directed towards a silver halide photographic material comprising a support upon which is coated at least one light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, comprising a silver halide emulsion precipitated in accordance with the described process.

Abstract: A process for forming a silver halide photographic emulsion is disclosed comprising precipitating silver halide grains in an aqueous dispersing medium to which has been added silver and halide salt solutions while agitating the dispersing medium, wherein the precipitation is done in the presence of an antifoamant which comprises a hydrophobic group containing nonionic mono- or di-saccharide compound having an HLB number of between 2 and 12. The antifoamant material may be delivered to the aqueous dispersing medium as a small particle dispersion, made with the same peptizer used for manufacturing the emulsion or another stabilizer. A further embodiment of the invention is directed towards a silver halide photographic material comprising a support upon which is coated at least one light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, comprising a silver halide emulsion precipitated in accordance with the described process.