Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to projecting control parameters of equipment associated with forming a wellbore, stimulating the wellbore, or producing fluid from the wellbore. A system includes the equipment and a computing device. The computing device is operable to project a control parameter value of the equipment using an equipment control process, and to receive confirmation that the projected control parameter value is within an allowable operating range. The computing device is also operable to adjust the equipment control process based on the confirmation, and to control the equipment to operate at the projected control parameter value. Further, the computing device is operable to receive real-time data associated with the forming of the wellbore, the stimulating of the wellbore, or the producing fluid from the wellbore. Furthermore, the computing device is operable to adjust the equipment control process based on the real-time data.

Abstract: System and methods for event prediction during drilling operations are provided. Regression data associated with coefficients of a predictive model are retrieved for a downhole event during a drilling operation along a planned path of a wellbore. The regression data includes a record of changes in historical coefficient values associated with prior occurrences of the event. As the wellbore is drilled over different stages of the operation, a value of an operating variable is estimated based on values of the coefficients and real-time data acquired during each stage. A percentage change in coefficient values adjusted between successive stages of the operation is tracked. An occurrence of the downhole event is estimated, based on a correlation between the percentage change tracked for at least one coefficient and a corresponding change in the historical coefficient values. The path of the wellbore is adjusted, based on the estimated occurrence of the event.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to improvements in methods for evaluating and predicting responses of virtual sensors to determine formation and fluid properties as well as classifying the predicted as plausible or outlier responses that can indicate the need for maintenance of downhole physical sensors. In one aspect, a method includes detecting a change to a system of operating a wellbore to yield a determination, the system including a virtual sensor, the virtual sensor including a physical sensor placed in the wellbore for collecting one or more physical properties inside the wellbore; and based on the determination, performing one of retraining a machine learning model for predicting an output of the virtual sensor or predicting an output of the virtual sensor using the machine learning mode, the predicted output being indicative of at least one of sub-surface formation or fluid properties inside the wellbore.

Abstract: A system and method to determine closure pressure in a wellbore that can include, flowing a fracturing fluid into the wellbore during a fracturing operation of at least one stage and forming a fracture, sensing fluid pressure and a flow rate of the fracturing fluid during the fracturing operation and communicating the sensed data to a controller, plotting data points of the sensed data to a visualization device which is configured to visually present the data points to an operator as a plot, fitting a curve to the data points which represent statistically-relevant minimum pressure data at various flow rates, determining an intercept of the first curve with a zero flow rate axis of the plot, determining the closure pressure based on a pressure value of the intercept, and determining an average fracture permeability based on the closure pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a drilling tool inside a wellbore makes use of projection of optimal rate of penetration (ROP) and optimal controllable parameters such as weight-on-bit (WOB), and rotations-per-minute (RPM) for drilling operations. Optimum controllable parameters for drilling optimization can be predicted using a data generation model to produce synthesized data based on model physics, an ROP model, and stochastic optimization. The synthetic data can be combined with real-time data to extrapolate the data across the WOB and RPM space. The values for WOB an RPM can be controlled to steer a drilling tool. Examples of models used include a non-linear model, a linear model, a recurrent generative adversarial network (RGAN) model, and a deep neural network model.

Abstract: A drilling device may use a concurrent path planning process to create a path from a starting location to a destination location within a subterranean environment. The drilling device can receive sensor data. A probability distribution can be generated from the sensor data indicating one or more likely materials compositions that make up each portion of the subterranean environment. The probability distribution can be sampled, and for each sample, a drill path trajectory and drill parameters for the trajectory can be generated. A trained neural network may evaluate each trajectory and drill parameters to identify the most ideal trajectory based on the sensor data. The drilling device may then initiate drilling operations for a predetermined distance along the ideal trajectory.

Abstract: A system includes a processor(s), and a memory coupled to the processor(s) having instructions stored therein. When executed by the processor(s), the instructions cause the processor(s) to perform functions to: apply a treatment for stimulating production to at least a first well in a subterranean formation; determine a flow distribution based on at least one of a first-well measurement or a second-well measurement, the first-well measurement taken at the first well, and the second-well measurement taken at a second well; determine a length of a fracture between the first and second wells, based on the determined flow distribution; determine if the applied treatment at the first well interferes with the second well, based on the determined length of the fracture; and apply a diverting material at the first well if it is determined that the applied treatment interferes with the second well, in order to control well bashing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for solving inverse problems arising in systems described by a physics-based forward propagation model use a Bayesian approach to model the uncertainty in the realization of model parameters. A Generative Adversarial Network (“GAN”) architecture along with heuristics and statistical learning is used. This results in a more reliable point estimate of the desired model parameters. In some embodiments, the disclosed methodology may be applied to automatic inversion of physics-based modeling of pipelines.

Abstract: Aspects and features of a system for real-time drilling using automated data quality control can include a computing device, a drilling tool, sensors, and a message bus. The message bus can receive current data from a wellbore. The computing device can generate and use a feature-extraction model to provide revised data values that include those for missing data, statistical outliers, or both. The model can be used to produce controllable drilling parameters using highly accurate data to provide optimal control of the drilling tool. The real-time message bus can be used to apply the controllable drilling parameters to the drilling tool.

Abstract: System and methods for simulating fluid flow during downhole operations are provided. Measurements of an operating variable at one or more locations within a formation are obtained from a downhole tool disposed in a wellbore within the formation during a current stage of a downhole operation being performed along the wellbore. The obtained measurements are applied as inputs to a hybrid model of the formation. The hybrid model includes physics-based and machine learning models that are coupled together within a simulation grid. Fluid flow within the formation is simulated, based on the inputs applied to the hybrid model. A response of the operating variable is estimated for a subsequent stage of the downhole operation along the wellbore, based on the simulation. Flow control parameters for the subsequent stage are determined based on the estimated response. The subsequent stage of the operation is performed according to the determined flow control parameters.

Abstract: A system includes equipment for at least one of formation of, stimulation of, or production from a wellbore, a processor, and a non-transitory memory device. The processor is communicatively coupled to the equipment. The non-transitory memory device contains instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to perform operations comprising training a hybrid deep generative physics neural network (HDGPNN), iteratively computing a plurality of projected values for wellbore variables using the HDGPNN, comparing the projected values to measured values, adjusting the projected values using the HDGPNN until the projected values match the measured values within a convergence criteria to produce an output value for at least one controllable parameter, and controlling the equipment by applying the output value for the at least one controllable parameter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automated drilling control and optimization are disclosed. Training data, including values of drilling parameters, for a current stage of a drilling operation are acquired. A reinforcement learning model is trained to estimate values of the drilling parameters for a subsequent stage of the drilling operation to be performed, based on the acquired training data and a reward policy mapping inputs and outputs of the model. The subsequent stage of the drilling operation is performed based on the values of the drilling parameters estimated using the trained model. A difference between the estimated and actual values of the drilling parameters is calculated, based on real-time data acquired during the subsequent stage of the drilling operation. The reinforcement learning model is retrained to refine the reward policy, based on the calculated difference. At least one additional stage of the drilling operation is performed using the retrained model.

Abstract: System and methods of controlling fluid flow during reservoir stimulation treatments are provided. A flow distribution of treatment fluid injected into formation entry points along a wellbore path is monitored during a current stage of a multistage stimulation treatment. Upon determining that the monitored flow distribution meets a threshold, a remainder of the current stage is partitioned into a plurality of treatment cycles and at least one diversion phase for diverting the fluid to be injected away from one or more formation entry points between consecutive treatment cycles. A portion of the fluid to be injected into the formation entry points is allocated to each of the treatment cycles of the partitioned stage. The treatment cycles are performed for the remainder of the current stage using the treatment fluid allocated to each treatment cycle, wherein the flow distribution is adjusted so as not to meet the threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a drilling tool inside a wellbore makes use of simulated annealing and Bayesian optimization to determine optimum controllable drilling parameters. In some aspects, a computing device generates sampled exploration points using simulated annealing and runs a Bayesian optimization using a loss function and the exploration points to optimize at least one controllable drilling parameter to achieve a predicted value for a selected drilling parameter. In some examples, the selected drilling parameter is rate-of-penetration (ROP) and in some examples, the controllable drilling parameters include such parameters as rotational speed (RPM) and weight-on-bit (WOB). In some examples, the computing device applies the controllable drilling parameter(s) to the drilling tool to achieve the predicted value for the selected drilling parameter and provide real-time, closed-loop control and automation in drilling.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented in this disclosure for modeling fluid diversion in an integrated wellbore-reservoir system. A mathematical model for fluid diversion in a reservoir formation of the integrated wellbore-reservoir system is generated by capturing, within the model, combined effects of formation treatments by foaming agent and by a chemical agent (such as resin) that imposes skin effect and permeability reduction to the formation. The generated model can be employed to simulate treatment of the reservoir formation by the foamed resin system. Based on results of the simulated treatment, treatment of the reservoir formation by the foamed resin system can be initiated for fluid diversion among layers of different permeabilities in the reservoir formation.

Abstract: Methods and system for modeling wellbore treatment operations in which the flow of treatment fluids may be diverted are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: receiving, at a processing component, one or more treatment operation inputs characterizing a treatment operation for a wellbore system comprising a wellbore penetrating at least a portion of a subterranean formation and a treatment fluid comprising a diverter, wherein at least one of the one or more treatment operation inputs comprises the inlet concentration of the diverter in the treatment fluid; and using the processing component to determine a wellbore system pressure distribution and a wellbore system flow distribution based, at least in part, on the one or more treatment operation inputs and a diversion flow model, wherein the diversion flow model captures an effect of the diverter on fluid flow in the wellbore system.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a drilling tool inside a wellbore makes use of Bayesian optimization with range constraints. A computing device samples observed values for controllable drilling parameters such as weight-on-bit (WOB) and drill bit rotational speed in RPM and evaluates a selected drilling parameter such a rate-of-penetration (ROP) for the observed values using an objective function. Range constraints can be continuously learned by the computing device as the range constraints change. A Bayesian optimization, subject to the range constraints and the observed values, can produce an optimized value for the controllable drilling parameter to achieve a predicted value for the selected drilling parameter. The system can then control the drilling tool using the optimized value to achieve the predicted value for the selected drilling parameter.

Abstract: A system for determining completion parameters for a wellbore includes a sensor and a computing device. The sensor can be positioned at a surface of a wellbore to detect data prior to finishing a completion stage for the wellbore. The computing device can receive the data, perform a history match for simulation and production using the sensor data and historical data, generate inferred data for completion parameters using the historical data identified during the history match, predict stimulated area and production by inputting the inferred data into a neural network model, determine completion parameters for the wellbore using Bayesian optimization on the stimulated area and production from the neural network model, profit maximization, and output the completion parameters for determining completion decisions for the wellbore.

Abstract: Systems and methods can automatically and dynamically determine an optimum frequency for data being input into a drilling optimization tool in order to provide predictive modeling for well drilling operations. The methods and systems selectively input sets of data having different frequencies into the drilling optimization tool to build different predictive models at different frequencies. An optimization algorithm such as Bayesian optimization is then applied to the models to identify in real time an optimum frequency for the data sets being input into the drilling optimization tool based on current operational and environmental parameters.

Abstract: A system for real-time steering of a drill bit includes a drilling arrangement and a computing device in communication with the drilling arrangement. The system iteratively, or repeatedly, receives new data associated the wellbore. At each iteration, a model, for example an engineering model, is applied to the new data to produce an objective function defining the selected drilling parameter. The objective function is modified at each iteration to provide an updated value for the selected drilling parameter and an updated value for at least one controllable parameter. In one example, the function is modified using Bayesian optimization The system iteratively steers the drill bit to obtain the updated value for the selected drilling parameter by applying the updated value for at least one controllable parameter over the period of time that the wellbore is being formed.