Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products for transmitting digital media streams. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method includes identifying and transmitting a sequence of frames in a digital video transmission, the sequence of frames comprising an initial frame and subsequent frames corresponding to the initial frame, the subsequent frames comprising data that incrementally updates the initial frame, and initiating a new transmission of the sequence of frames to a new device after sending one of the subsequent frames in the digital transmission, the initiating comprising generating information to cause the new device to inhibit presenting the new transmission until after frames between and including the initial frame and the one of the subsequent frames have been received by the new device, and transmitting, to the new device, the information and the frames between and including the initial frame and the one of the subsequent frames.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for media stream dissemination using a peer-to-peer network are described. A described technique includes joining a peer-to-peer network as a peer; determining whether to be a first source node in the peer-to-peer network; retrieving a media stream from a server based on being the first source node; dividing the media stream into separate portions in a manner consistent with division performed by one or more second source nodes in the peer-to-peer network; generating messages that include the portions, respectively, for dissemination on the peer-to-peer network; and posting the messages to the peer-to-peer network, where the messages are generated such that peers in the peer-to-peer network are able to identify duplicative messages that are posted by the one or more second source nodes, the duplicative messages being based on the media stream.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting real-time priority-based network communications in an encrypted session. In general, aspects of the subject matter described can be embodied in methods that include establishing, based on cryptographic information in a reserved, random-data portion of a handshake communication, a session, receiving parameter values relating to a sub media stream, included in a header of a network communication, storing the parameter values, obtaining state information and a data payload included in a second network communication, identifying, from the state information, a purpose of the second network communication, and whether a header of the second network communication includes one or more new values corresponding to one or more of the parameters, updating one or more of the stored values based on the one or more new values, and processing the data payload based on the identified purpose and the stored parameter values.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for merging media stream indexes of a media stream are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a first media stream index at a first server system, including a first list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers corresponding to at least a portion of multiple sequentially arranged fragments. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing from the first index can be identified. A second media stream index including a second list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers corresponding to at least a portion of the multiple sequentially arranged fragments can be requested from a second server system. The first and second list of the sequentially arranged fragment identifiers can be compared and the first list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers can be reconstructed based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for requesting potentially missing fragments in a media stream index are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a fragmented media stream index at a client system, where the media stream index includes a list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers. Fragments listed in the media stream index can be requested from a server system. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing in the media stream index can be identified based, at least in part, on a determined naming convention indicating the sequential arrangement of the fragment identifiers. Fragments can be requested based on the potentially missing fragment identifiers and processed for display when received.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, are described for establishing a grouping rule and a mapping protocol at a cache server system for caching fragments of a media stream that includes a timed-sequence of video frames. The fragments can be generated and identified at media source systems in accordance with a fragmenting format and an indexing protocol, respectively, which are common across the media source systems. Further, the established mapping protocol can be different from the indexing protocol. The methods include retrieving at least a portion of the fragments of the media stream by the cache server system from the media source systems. The methods also include allocating the retrieved fragments to local fragment groups at the cache server system based on the established grouping rule. The methods further include mapping the allocated fragments to the local fragment groups based on the established mapping protocol.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for requesting potentially missing fragments in a media stream index are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a fragmented media stream index at a client system, where the media stream index includes a list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers. Fragments listed in the media stream index can be requested from a server system. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing in the media stream index can be identified based, at least in part, on a determined naming convention indicating the sequential arrangement of the fragment identifiers. Fragments can be requested based on the potentially missing fragment identifiers and processed for display when received.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for requesting potentially missing fragments in a media stream index are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a fragmented media stream index at a client system, where the media stream index includes a list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers. Fragments listed in the media stream index can be requested from a server system. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing in the media stream index can be identified based, at least in part, on a determined naming convention indicating the sequential arrangement of the fragment identifiers. Fragments can be requested based on the potentially missing fragment identifiers and processed for display when received.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting cryptographic information in network communications.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting real-time priority-based network communications in an encrypted session. In general aspects of the subject matter described can be embodied in methods that include establishing, based on cryptographic information in a reserved, random-data portion of a handshake communication, a session, receiving parameter values relating to a sub media stream, included in a header of a network communication, storing the parameter values, obtaining state information and a data payload included in a second network communication, identifying, from the state information, a purpose of the second network communication, and whether a header of the second network communication includes one or more new values corresponding to one or more of the parameters, updating one or more of the stored values based on the one or more new values, and processing the data payload based on the identified purpose and the stored parameter values.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting real-time priority-based network communications in an encrypted session. In general, aspects of the subject matter described can be embodied in methods that include establishing, based on cryptographic information in a reserved, random-data portion of a handshake communication, a session, receiving parameter values relating to a sub media stream, included in a header of a network communication, storing the parameter values, obtaining state information and a data payload included in a second network communication, identifying, from the state information, a purpose of the second network communication, and whether a header of the second network communication includes one or more new values corresponding to one or more of the parameters, updating one or more of the stored values based on the one or more new values, and processing the data payload based on the identified purpose and the stored parameter values.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting cryptographic information in network communications.

Abstract: A system and method for integrating telephone audio into an electronic meeting archive is described. A plurality of telephony signaling messages are received and converted into an electronic meeting application format. The meeting or conferencing system generates metadata from any one or more of the telephony signaling messages, electronic information presented during an electronic meeting, or the like, where the metadata is associated with a particular meeting event time. The metadata, stored in a meeting metadata file, is synchronized with the telephone audio and the electronic information that was stored in the electronic meeting archive using a meeting start time and the meeting event times. The telephone audio may then be replayed responsive to and synchronized with the information obtained from the metadata.

Abstract: A load balancing scheme is described for a server cluster. An application identifier is received by the cluster from a client desiring to connect to the application. Each one of the servers in the cluster independently hashes the application identifier into a unique number. This unique number is used to determine a preferred one of the servers for the connection. The servers then each calculate a priority code using the unique number, a load level for each server, and/or a node identifier assigned to the servers in the cluster. If the preferred cluster server is available, it transmits its priority code to the client before the other servers transmit their priority codes. Otherwise, each of the available cluster servers transmits their priority codes to the client. The client selects the cluster server with the most favorable priority for making the connection.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for requesting potentially missing fragments in a media stream index are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a fragmented media stream index at a client system, where the media stream index includes a list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers. Fragments listed in the media stream index can be requested from a server system. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing in the media stream index can be identified based, at least in part, on a determined naming convention indicating the sequential arrangement of the fragment identifiers. Fragments can be requested based on the potentially missing fragment identifiers and processed for display when received.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for merging media stream indexes of a media stream are described in this specification. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a first media stream index at a first server system, including a first list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers corresponding to at least a portion of multiple sequentially arranged fragments. Fragment identifiers that are potentially missing from the first index can be identified. A second media stream index including a second list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers corresponding to at least a portion of the multiple sequentially arranged fragments can be requested from a second server system. The first and second list of the sequentially arranged fragment identifiers can be compared and the first list of sequentially arranged fragment identifiers can be reconstructed based on the comparison.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to imparting cryptographic information in network communications.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, are described for establishing a grouping rule and a mapping protocol at a cache server system for caching fragments of a media stream that includes a timed-sequence of video frames. The fragments can be generated and identified at media source systems in accordance with a fragmenting format and an indexing protocol, respectively, which are common across the media source systems. Further, the established mapping protocol can be different from the indexing protocol. The methods include retrieving at least a portion of the fragments of the media stream by the cache server system from the media source systems. The methods also include allocating the retrieved fragments to local fragment groups at the cache server system based on the established grouping rule. The methods further include mapping the allocated fragments to the local fragment groups based on the established mapping protocol.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for media stream dissemination using a peer-to-peer network are described. A described technique includes joining a peer-to-peer network as a peer; determining whether to be a first source node in the peer-to-peer network; retrieving a media stream from a server based on being the first source node; dividing the media stream into separate portions in a manner consistent with division performed by one or more second source nodes in the peer-to-peer network; generating messages that include the portions, respectively, for dissemination on the peer-to-peer network; and posting the messages to the peer-to-peer network, where the messages are generated such that peers in the peer-to-peer network are able to identify duplicative messages that are posted by the one or more second source nodes, the duplicative messages being based on the media stream.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, are described for fragmenting a media stream (e.g., for HTTP streaming) by generating fragments that can have variable relative durations. The disclosed technologies enable fragmenting the media stream by two or more media streaming server systems to obtain respective sets of fragments having a framing structure that is consistent across the two or more media streaming server systems. Consequently, a client computer system can place HTTP requests for fragments of the media stream, e.g. for switching mid-stream, to any of the two or more media streaming server systems that generated the respective sets of fragments.