Abstract: A process for formulating certain epothilone analogs for parenteral administration is disclosed wherein the analog is dissolved in a mixture of at least 50% by volume tertiary-butanol in water, the mixture is lyophilized, the resulting lyophilized product is packaged in one vial with a sufficient amount of solvent comprising anhydrous ethanol and a suitable nonionic surfactant in a second vial. All steps are carried out with protection from light. In use, the contents of the second or diluent vial are added to the lyophilized product and mixed to constitute the epothilone analog and the resulting solution is diluted with a suitable diluent to produce a solution for intravenous injection containing the epothilone analog in a concentration of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.9 mg/mL. A preferred surfactant is polyethoxylated castor oil and a preferred diluent is Lactated Ringer's Injection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for removing organic contaminants (216) from a copper seed layer that has been deposited on a semiconductor substrate (206). The present invention provides a housing (204) to enclose the semiconductor substrate within. An ultraviolet radiation source (210) is disposed within the housing. A treatment medium (208) is also provided within the housing. The semiconductor substrate is enclosed within the housing and exposed to the treatment medium. The ultraviolet radiation source exposes the semiconductor substrate to ultraviolet radiation, desorbing the contaminants from the seed layer.

Abstract: A process for formulating certain epothilone analogs for parenteral administration is disclosed wherein the analog is dissolved in a mixture of at least 50% by volume tertiary-butanol in water, the mixture is lyophilized, the resulting lyophilized product is packaged in one vial with a sufficient amount of solvent comprising anhydrous ethanol and a suitable nonionic surfactant in a second vial. All steps are carried out with protection from light. In use, the contents of the second or diluent vial are added to the lyophilized product and mixed to constitute the epothilone analog and the resulting solution is diluted with a suitable diluent to produce a solution for intravenous injection containing the epothilone analog in a concentration of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.9 mg/mL. A preferred surfactant is polyethoxylated castor oil and a preferred diluent is Lactated Ringer's Injection.

Abstract: An integrated circuit copper interconnect structure is formed by forming a dielectric layer (90) over a semiconductor substrate (10). Trenches (110) and vias (120) are formed in the dielectric layer (90) and a barrier layer (130) is formed in the trenches (110) and vias (120) using material such as iridium, iridium oxide, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, rhodium, rhodium oxide, rhenium, rhenium oxide, platinum, platinum oxide, palladium and palladium oxide. Copper (147) is then used to fill the remaining area in the trenches (110) and vias (120).

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for removing organic contaminants (216) from a copper seed layer that has been deposited on a semiconductor substrate (206). The present invention provides a housing (204) to enclose the semiconductor substrate within. An ultraviolet radiation source (210) is disposed within the housing. A treatment medium (208) is also provided within the housing. The semiconductor substrate is enclosed within the housing and exposed to the treatment medium. The ultraviolet radiation source exposes the semiconductor substrate to ultraviolet radiation, desorbing the contaminants from the seed layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel intravenous formulation for a taxane chemotherapeutic agent. The agent is formulated as a two-container, i.e. vial system, with one container holding the therapeutic agent in a solvent with a buffer and the other container holding a co-solvent in a buffer. The contents of the two containers are mixed prior to administration.

Abstract: A process for formulating certain epothilone analogs for parenteral administration is disclosed wherein the analog is dissolved in a mixture of at least 50% by volume tertiary-butanol in water, the mixture is lyophilized, the resulting lyophilized product is packaged in one vial with a sufficient amount of solvent comprising anhydrous ethanol and a suitable nonionic surfactant in a second vial. All steps are carried out with protection from light. In use, the contents of the second or diluent vial are added to the lyophilized product and mixed to constitute the epothilone analog and the resulting solution is diluted with a suitable diluent to produce a solution for intravenous injection containing the epothilone analog in a concentration of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.9 mg/mL. A preferred surfactant is polyethoxylated castor oil and a preferred diluent is Lactated Ringer's Injection.

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an orally-active taxane derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable solubilizing agent, and which provide effective and consistent oral absorption of the taxane derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of increasing the bioavailability of orally administered epothilones. Epothilones administered by the methods of the invention are sufficiently bioavailable to have a pharmacological effect The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and kits for use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of increasing the bioavailability of orally administered epothilones. Epothilones administered by the methods of the invention are sufficiently bioavailable to have a pharmacological effect. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and kits for use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A process for formulating certain epothilone analogs for parenteral administration is disclosed wherein the analog is dissolved in a mixture of at least 50% by volume tertiary-butanol in water, the mixture is lyophilized, the resulting lyophilized product is packaged in one vial with a sufficient amount of solvent comprising anhydrous ethanol and a suitable nonionic surfactant in a second vial. All steps are carried out with protection from light. In use, the contents of the second or diluent vial are added to the lyophilized product and mixed to constitute the epothilone analog and the resulting solution is diluted with a suitable diluent to produce a solution for intravenous injection containing the epothilone analog in a concentration of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.9 mg/mL. A preferred surfactant is polyethoxylated castor oil and a preferred diluent is Lactated Ringer's Injection.

Abstract: A process for formulating certain epothilone analogs for parenteral administration is disclosed wherein the analog is dissolved in a mixture of at least 50% by volume tertiary-butanol in water, the mixture is lyophilized, the resulting lyophilized product is packaged in one vial with a sufficient amount of solvent comprising anhydrous ethanol and a suitable nonionic surfactant in a second vial. All steps are carried out with protection from light. In use, the contents of the second or diluent vial are added to the lyophilized product and mixed to constitute the epothilone analog and the resulting solution is diluted with a suitable diluent to produce a solution for intravenous injection containing the epothilone analog in a concentration of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.9 mg/mL. A preferred surfactant is polyethoxylated castor oil and a preferred diluent is Lactated Ringer's Injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of increasing the bioavailability of orally administered epothilones. Epothilones administered by the methods of the invention are sufficiently bioavailable to have a pharmacological effect. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and kits for use in the methods of the invention.