Abstract: A synthetic antiferromagnetic layer includes a first ferromagnetic layer containing an amorphizing element, the first ferromagnetic layer having a first structural symmetry; a second ferromagnetic layer having a second structural symmetry; wherein the first and the second ferromagnetic layers are antiferromagnetically coupled by a trifunctional non-magnetic multi-layered structure, the antiferromagnetic coupling being an Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling, the non-magnetic multi-layered structure including at least two non-magnetic layers, the non-magnetic multilayered structure being at least partially nano-crystalline or amorphous in order to ensure a structural transition between the first ferromagnetic layer having the first structural symmetry and the second ferromagnetic layer having the second structural symmetry, the non-magnetic multilayered structure being adapted to absorb at least part of the amorphizing element out of the first ferromagnetic layer in contact with the non-magnetic multi

Abstract: A synthetic antiferromagnetic layer includes a first ferromagnetic layer containing an amorphizing element, the first ferromagnetic layer having a first structural symmetry; a second ferromagnetic layer having a second structural symmetry; wherein the first and the second ferromagnetic layers are antiferromagnetically coupled by a trifunctional non-magnetic multi-layered structure, the antiferromagnetic coupling being an RKKY coupling, the non-magnetic multi-layered structure including at least two non-magnetic layers, the non-magnetic multilayered structure being at least partially nano-crystalline or amorphous in order to ensure a structural transition between the first ferromagnetic layer having the first structural symmetry and the second ferromagnetic layer having the second structural symmetry, the non-magnetic multilayered structure being adapted to absorb at least part of the amorphizing element out of the first ferromagnetic layer in contact with the non-magnetic multi-layered structure.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine including components which are each operated in an operating mode established by an operating mode coordinator, and it being in particular provided that the operating mode coordinator carries out the aforementioned establishment of at least one operating mode based on further operating aspects of the components.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine including components which are each operated in an operating mode established by an operating mode coordinator, and it being in particular provided that the operating mode coordinator carries out the aforementioned establishment of at least one operating mode based on further operating aspects of the components.

Abstract: A three-layer magnetic element comprises, on a substrate, a first oxide, hydride or nitride layer O having a metal magnetic layer M mounted thereon, the latter having either a second oxide, hydride or nitride layer O?, or a non-ferromagnetic metal layer M? mounted thereon. Layer M is continuous, has a thickness of 1 to 5 nm and the magnetization thereof is parallel to the layer plane in the absence of layers O and O?. There is, for a range of temperature equal to or greater than ambient temperature, interfacial magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the layer plane on interfaces O/M and M/O? that is capable of decreasing the effective demagnetizing field of layer M or orienting the magnetization of layer M in a manner substantially perpendicular to the layer plane.

Abstract: This magnetic multilayer device comprises, on a substrate, an alternating sequence of magnetic metallic layers M and oxide, hydride or nitride layers O. The number of layers M equals at least two. The layers M are continuous. There is interfacial magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the plane of the layers at the level of the M/O interfaces.

Abstract: This three-layer magnetic element comprises, on a substrate, a first oxide, hydride or nitride layer O having a metal magnetic layer M mounted thereon, the latter having either a second oxide, hydride or nitride layer O?, or a non-ferromagnetic metal layer M? mounted thereon. Layer M is continuous, has a thickness of 1 to 5 nm and the magnetisation thereof is parallel to the layer plane in the absence of layers O and O?. There is, for a range of temperature equal to or greater than ambient temperature, interfacial magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the layer plane on interfaces O/M and M/O? that is capable of decreasing the effective demagnetising field of layer M or orienting the magnetisation of layer M in a manner substantially perpendicular to the layer plane.

Abstract: This magnetic multilayer device comprises, on a substrate, an alternating sequence of magnetic metallic layers M and oxide, hydride or nitride layers O. The number of layers M equals at least two. The layers M are continuous. There is interfacial magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the plane of the layers at the level of the M/O interfaces.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multilayered magnetic structure comprising an alternate stack of:layers (6, 16) of a first type based on magnetic materials,layers (12) of a second type, made of Ag or an Ag rich alloy,a thin interface layer (8, 14) of Co or a Co rich alloy being located at the interface between layers of the first type and layers of the second type.The invention also relates to a process for making this type of structure.Applications to sensors based on magnetoresistive effects, such as current sensors or magnetic heads.