Abstract: Tandem photovoltaic device combining a silicon-based sub-cell and a perovskite-based sub-cell including an N-layer with a controlled carbon content. A tandem photovoltaic device, comprising, in this superimposition order: A/ a silicon-based sub-cell A, in particular a silicon heterojunction sub-cell or a TOPCon architecture sub-cell; and B/ a perovskite-based sub-cell B, comprising at least: —an N-type conductive or semiconductor layer (ETL); —a P-type conductive or semiconductor layer (HTL); and —a perovskite-type active layer, interposed between said N-type and P-type conductive or semiconductor layers, wherein the N-type conductive or semiconductor layer is based on individualised nanoparticles of N-type metal oxide(s), and has an atomic carbon content lower than or equal to 20%.

Abstract: A cell for measuring the permeation of a target gas through a sample includes upstream and downstream chambers connected by an opening, a primary seal in contact with the bottom of the upstream chamber and surrounding the opening, and a removable sample holder and means for assembling the sample holder in the cell. Upper and lower frames included in the sample holder are each provided with a through opening. The sample holder includes means for assembling the sample in the sample holder and a first seal flush with the front surface of the lower frame, and surrounding the through opening of the lower frame. In the lower frame of the sample holder, a second seal is flush with the front surface of the lower frame, surrounding the through opening of the lower frame, and being surrounded with the first seal, and a second channel emerging between the two secondary seals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring permeation of gases through a material comprising the following steps: a) Supplying gas to a permeation enclosure (10) during which a first chamber (11) is supplied with a target gas flow comprising at least one target gas corresponding to a gas for which one tries to determine the permeation through the material (M), and simultaneous supplying gas to a measurement enclosure (20) with at least one calibrated flow comprising at least one reference gas different from the target gas; b) during the gas supply step, measuring in the measurement enclosure (20) the reference gas present at instant (t) and the target gas present at the same instant (t) after having crossed the material (M) by permeation; c) calculating a correction factor at instant (t) by comparing the measurement of the reference gas present at instant (t) with the reference gas supply calibrated flow; and d) determining the permeation of the material (M) to said gas, from the measurement of the ta

Abstract: An organic electronic device containing a stack successively including a polymer substrate covered with a first layer E1 made of conductive or semiconductor material; a hole transport layer HTL; an active layer A; and a second layer E2 made of conductive or semiconductor material. The HTL layer is a bilayer formed of a so-called neutral layer based on PEDOT:PSS and of a so-called acid layer based on PEDOT:PSS. The neutral layer is in contact with first layer E1 while the acid layer is in contact with active layer A.

Abstract: A cell for measuring the permeation of a target gas through a sample includes upstream and downstream chambers connected by an opening, a primary seal in contact with the bottom of the upstream chamber and surrounding the opening, and a removable sample holder and means for assembling the sample holder in the cell. Upper and lower frames included in the sample holder are each provided with a through opening. The sample holder includes means for assembling the sample in the sample holder and a first seal flush with the front surface of the lower frame, and surrounding the through opening of the lower frame. In the lower frame of the sample holder, a second seal is flush with the front surface of the lower frame, surrounding the through opening of the lower frame, and being surrounded with the first seal, and a second channel emerging between the two secondary seals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring permeation of gases through a material comprising the following steps: a) Supplying gas to a permeation enclosure (10) during which a first chamber (11) is supplied with a target gas flow comprising at least one target gas corresponding to a gas for which one tries to determine the permeation through the material (M), and simultaneous supplying gas to a measurement enclosure (20) with at least one calibrated flow comprising at least one reference gas different from the target gas; b) during the gas supply step, measuring in the measurement enclosure (20) the reference gas present at instant (t) and the target gas present at the same instant (t) after having crossed the material (M) by permeation; c) calculating a correction factor at instant (t) by comparing the measurement of the reference gas present at instant (t) with the reference gas supply calibrated flow; and d) determining the permeation of the material (M) to said gas, from the measurement of the ta

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring gases permeation through a material (M), comprising the steps of: Forming a mixture of isotopic gases in a mixing enclosure (14), each isotopic gas corresponding to a target gas for which permeation through the material (M) is sought, the isotopic gas having a mass number different from that of the corresponding target gas; Filling with the mixture of isotopic gases a first chamber (11) of a permeation enclosure (10) comprising first (11) and second (12) chambers, the first chamber (11) being separated from the second chamber (12) by the material (M); Simultaneously analyzing the isotopic gases having permeated through the material (M) and being present in the second chamber (12), in order to simultaneously calculate permeation through the material (M) of each of the corresponding target gases. The invention further relates to a device for implementing such a method, and a method for using this device.