Abstract: The present invention discloses a fuel cell, which incorporates a bipolar plate. The regenerative bipolar fuel cell of the present invention contains at least one hydrogen electrode in contact with a hydrogen stream and at least one oxygen electrode in contact with an oxygen stream. At least one electrolyte chamber is in contact with the hydrogen electrode and at least one electrolyte chamber is in contact with the oxygen electrode. The electrolyte chambers provide mechanical support within the fuel cell and provide an uninterrupted pathway for an electrolyte solution to contact the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode, respectively. At least one bipolar plate is positioned between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode. The bipolar plate has a hydrogen side in contact with the hydrogen electrode and an oxygen side in contact with the oxygen electrode.

Abstract: An electrically operated, single cell memory element comprising: a volume of memory material defining a single-cell memory element, the memory material comprising a heterogeneous mixture of a phase-change material and a dielectric material; and means for delivering an electrical signal to at least a portion of the volume of memory material. An electrically operated, single-cell memory element comprising: a volume of memory material defining the single-cell memory element, the memory material comprising a phase-change material and a dielectric material where the phase-change material has a plurality of detectable resistivity values and can be set directly to one of the resistivity values without the need to be set to a specific starting or erased resistivity value, regardless of the previous resistivity value of the material, in response to an electrical signal; and means for delivering the electrical signal to at least a portion of the volume of memory material.

Abstract: A method of substantially aligning the superconducting grains of a multi-grained perovskite defect oxide type material, which material includes at least one superconducting phase. In the superconducting phase of such perovskite materials, the unit cells thereof include a plurality of substantially parallel metal oxide planes spacedly disposed along the c axis thereof. The aforementioned alignment of discrete grains of the multi-grained superconducting material occurs along the c axis.