Abstract: A method for correcting a measurement of a property of a subsurface material includes: selecting an instrument that includes a test circuit and a separate sensor, the sensor adapted for transmitting an electric signal into the subsurface material and receiving a data signal from the subsurface material, wherein the test circuit and the sensor are switchably coupled to an electronics unit of the instrument; receiving the electric signal from the test circuit in the electronics unit; using the electronics unit, measuring at least one output characteristic of the instrument; and applying a correction to the data signal according to the measured output characteristic. An instrument and an additional method are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of conductive polymers and instruments using the conductive polymers in geophysical exploration are provided. Methods for fabrication are included.

Abstract: A resistivity imaging apparatus includes: a first sensor electrode disposed on an electrode pad and positioned at a first standoff; a second sensor electrode disposed on the electrode pad and adjacent the first sensor electrode, the second sensor electrode positioned at a second standoff; and a return electrode disposed on the electrode pad, wherein the sensor electrodes and the return electrode are configured for injecting current into a formation and receiving a signal from the formation. Other embodiments, methods and computer program products are disclosed.