Abstract: A novel continuous process for the preparation of alkylated benzenes effected by solid catalysts which become deactivated under alkylation conditions uses a single catalyst zone for both reaction and catalyst flushing to prevent deactivation. The process utilizes a pulsed flow of the linear monoolefins into the catalyst zone during a reaction cycle with benzene acting as a desorbent for catalyst deactivating agents to prevent significant catalyst deactivation. The process can be generalized to encompass many types of reactions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons such as isobutane and benzenes are alkylated using a solid catalyst in a process which simulates the cocurrent movement of the catalyst bed versus the reactants. This has been found to greatly reduce the rate of catalyst deactivation compared to simulated countercurrent flow. The process may be performed using five or more beds of catalyst, with two undergoing regeneration at any one time. One bed is subjected to a short term liquid-phase regeneration while the other is subjected to long term vapor-phase regeneration. The catalyst preferably contains a metal hydrogenation function effective to selectively hydrogenate C.sub.6 -plus materials trapped on the used catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion process using a catalyst consisting essentially of a layered clay homogeneously dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix. The clay is dispersed in such a way that the clay layers are completely surrounded by the inorganic oxide matrix. The inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and mixtures thereof. The clay can be a natural clay such as montmorillonite, a metal exchanged clay (Fe.sup.+3 exchanged) or a pillared clay such as aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) pillared clay. The hydrocarbon conversion process is carried out by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst at hydrocarbon conversion conditions to give a hydroconverted product. Examples of the hydrocarbon conversion processes are alkylation and hydrocracking.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, a method of preparing the composition and a catalyst using the composition. The composition consists essentially of a layered clay homogeneously dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix. The clay is dispersed in such a way that the clay layers are completely surrounded by the inorganic oxide matrix. The inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and mixtures thereof. The clay can be a natural clay such as montmorillonite, a metal exchanged clay (Fe.sup.+3 exchanged) or a pillared clay such as aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) pillared clay. The composition can be used as a catalyst for alkylation or hydrocracking or metals can be dispersed on it to provide a catalyst which is also useful for hydrocracking or alkylation.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a refractory inorganic oxide-supported Group VIB and Group VIII metal component is disclosed. The catalytic composite is characterized by a method of preparation which comprises coextruding a precursor compound of the Group VIB metal component, a precursor compound of the Group VIII metal component, and a finely divided refractory inorganic oxide admixed with hydrogen peroxide and sufficient water to provide an extrudable dough. The coextruded product is subsequently dried and calcined to yield an improved catalytic composite, particularly with respect to the hydrodesulfurization of residual fuel oils.

Abstract: A catalytic composite, comprising a combination of a nickel component and a tungsten component with a silica-alumina carrier material wherein the atomic ratio of nickel to nickel plus tungsten is about 0.1 to about 0.3. The key feature of the subject composite is the criticality of the ratio of nickel to nickel plus tungsten. The principal utility of the subject composite is in the hydrocracking of hydrocarbons. A specific example of the catalyst disclosed is a combination of nickel and tungsten with a silica-alumina carrier material containing 50 wt.% alumina in amounts sufficient to result in the composite having an atomic ratio of nickel to nickel plus tungsten of 0.2.

Abstract: A method of manufacture providing a catalytic composite of improved activity is disclosed. A zeolite of the mordenite crystal structure, with a sodium content of less than about 5 wt. % as Na.sub.2 O, is subjected to an aqueous ammoniacal treatment at a pH of at least about 9.5, and calcined in intimate admixture with a non-zeolitic refractory inorganic oxide and a metal salt convertible to said oxide at calcination conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an extruded composition characterized by its method of preparation. A finely divided refractory inorganic oxide, preferably an alpha-alumina monohydrate, is admixed with a peptizing agent and sufficient water to produce a mixture which has a weight loss on ignition at 900.degree. C. of from about 50 to about 70%. The mixture is subjected to shear-mixing, the intensity or severity of the shear-mixing being characterized by an energy input equivalent to from about 15 to about 120 watt-hours per pound of dry refractory inorganic oxide contained in said mixture over a period of from about 0.5 to about 5 minutes. The resulting dough is subsequently extruded and the extrudate calcined. The product is particularly useful as a hydrotreating catalyst in combination with a Group VIB and Group VIII metal component.