Abstract: A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I): wherein R is a C1-C3 alkyl and R1 is a C1 or C2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I): wherein R is a C1-C3 alkyl and R1 is a C1 or C2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plant transformation construct comprising DNA having(1) a ring-opening gene that encodes an enzyme that can open an aromatic ring,(2) upstream of the ring-opening gene, a eukaryotic promoter, and(3) downstream of said ring-opening gene, a polyadenylic acid addition site.Also disclosed is a plasmid that contains the plant transformation construct and bacteria that contain the plasmid. A transgenic plant cell that contains, as part of its genome, the plant transformation construct is also disclosed, and a transgenic plant is grown from the transgenic plant cell. Also disclosed is a method of degrading aromatic compounds in soil by planting the transgenic plant in the soil.

Abstract: 2-Chlorobenzylamine is prepared from 2-chlorobenzylchloride in a two-step process. In the first step, 2-chlorobenzylchloride is reacted with alkali metal phthalimide, preferably formed in situ from potassium carbonate and phthalimide, to form the novel intermediate 2-chlorobenzylphthalimide. In the second step, the phthalimide ring of the 2-chlorobenzylphthalimide is cleaved to form 2-chlorobenzylamine. The first step is preferably carried out in an unreactive solvent at 60.degree. C. to reflux temperature, for example, for 1 to 10 hours. The solvent is very preferably dimethylformamide which is advantageously recovered and used again as solvent in the conversion of 2-chlorobenzylchloride to 2-chlorobenzylphthalimide. The second step consists essentially, for example, of hydrazinolysis or hydrolysis.

Abstract: A facultatively anaerobic microorganism of a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca is disclosed for degrading toxic waste materials into more environmentally acceptable materials. Processes for utilizing the microorganism in a sequencing batch reactor, and for treating industrial and municipal wastes, such as chemical waste landfill leachate and chemical process wastewater, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of chemical process wastewaters and chemical waste landfill leachates containing obnoxious and hazardous halogenated organic chemicals by the use of a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to produce a liquid discharge acceptable to the environment in an efficient and economical manner.

Abstract: Combinations of physicochemical and biological treatment processes are capable of removing dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) and other halogenated organic compounds from wastewaters. The dioxins and PCB's are removed by at least 90 percent in the pretreatment steps of neutralization, oxidation, and sedimentation; the residual amounts are removed in a powdered activated carbon enhanced sequencing batch reactor (PAC-SBR) operating at a high mixed liquor suspended solids concentration (>5000 mg/L). Powder activated carbon (PAC) is supplemented to the bioreactor to ensure complete removal of the dioxins (<0.8 ppt) and PCB's (<2 ppb).The PAC-SBR enhanced biological treatment process is capable of meeting stringent effluent limits on not only on dioxins and PCB's but also on other toxic halogenated organic compounds.