Abstract: The invention provides superior reaction products of copper, especially ultra-clean copper and polymeric chemical complexes. The polymers are unusual in that they provide polymeric systems of extensive conjugated double bond networks well suited for electron flow. The polymers are the covalent reaction products of aroylacrylates and isocyanates or thioisocyanates and are of stability and ease of manufacture.The materials provide superior electrical conductors and superconductors. Through the use of lattice modifiers and stabilizers the lattices of the polymers may be "fine tuned" easily so as to optimize important characteristics such as electron flow.The organic coatings on the copper perform best as thin films, especially as films thinner than lambda, the penetration depth of the magnetic flux into the superconductor. The long term widely accepted use of copper as an electrical conductor, with its flexibility, durability, and strength is preserved while its electrical current capacity is greatly enhanced.

Abstract: The invention provides novel non-polymeric and polymeric complexes and reaction products of lyotropic liquid crystal salts of aroyl acids which when anhydrous are excellent electrical conductors and superconductors of high critical temperature. The salts can be of various metals but especially of the alkali metals. The invention also provides reaction products of the complexes with copper metal, the products having excellent tarnish-resistant properties which make them suitable for protecting circuit boards and such from corrosion during storage. Copper/polymeric aroylacrylate salt reaction products when amorphous, especially when present in a thin film form, make superconductors of high critical temperature and current. Further, the invention provides a flexible process for converting various essential, water-bearing components of these complexes and reaction products into stable, anhydrous solutions well suited for applying to various substrates.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymeric and non-polymeric, liquid crystal type, chemical salt complexes of aroyl acids and monovalent and polyvalent metals. They are formed by covalent and coordinate bonding for use as electrical superconductors, as electrolytes in alkali metal batteries, electrochromic windows, static dissipative polymers, etc. The invention also provides processes for manufacturing such complexes, including the in situ formation in and on various metals and oxides. The processes also include the use of supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide to solubilize the complexes for introduction into plastics and inorganic superconductors. The chemical complexes include the triads formed of liquid crystal aroyl salts, non-polymeric ligand solvents, and polymeric aroylacrylate salts. Both homopolymer and copolymer complexes of the metal aroylacrylates may be prepared and the latter may be cross-linked.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymeric and non-polymeric, liquid crystal type, chemical salt complexes of aroyl acids and monovalent and polyvalent metals. They are formed by covalent and coordinate bonding for use as electrical superconductors, as electrolytes in alkali metal batteries, electrochromic windows, static dissipative polymers, etc. The invention also provides processes for manufacturing such complexes, including the in situ formation in and on various metals and oxides. The processes also include the use of supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide to solubilize the complexes for introduction into plastics and inorganic superconductors. The chemical complexes include the triads formed of liquid crystal aroyl salts, non-polymeric ligand solvents, and polymeric aroylacrylate salts. Both homopolymer and copolymer complexes of the metal aroylacrylates may be prepared and the latter may be cross-linked.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymeric and non-polymeric, liquid crystal type, chemical salt complexes of aroyl acids and monovalent and polyvalent metals. They are formed by covalent and coordinate bonding for use as electrical superconductors, as electrolytes in alkali metal batteries, electrochromic windows, static dissipative polymers, etc. The invention also provides processes for manufacturing such complexes, including the in situ formation in and on various metals and oxides. The processes also include the use of supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide to solubilize the complexes for introduction into plastics and inorganic superconductors. The chemical complexes include the triads formed of liquid crystal aroyl salts, non-polymeric ligand solvents, and polymeric aroylacrylate salts. Both homopolymer and copolymer complexes of the metal aroylacrylates may be prepared and the latter may be cross-linked.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chemical complexation products for use as superconductors, polymer electrolytes for alkali metal batteries, electrolytes for electrochromic windows, static dissipative plastics, etc. It also provides for manufacturing such complexation products. The complexation products may comprise (a) lyotropic liquid crystal salts ordinarily insoluble in anhydrous, aprotic, ligand-type solvents, (b) non-polymeric ligand-type solvents containing the NCO group, (c) polymeric-type ligands containing repetitive, oxygen-bearing groups along a substantially linear chain, and (d) from 1% to 98% by weight of inorganic compounds of high surface area. The complexation and solubilization can be carried out so as to secure liquids or low viscosity pastes by heating and mixing the components in appropriate ratios.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chemical compositions for use in primary, optical/capacitance hygrometric devices. It also provides methods for using these compositions as sensors for the precise measurement of the humidity of gases as well as the apparatus. The chemical compositions, which of themselves sense the change in water vapor pressure, are birefringent, translucent, and anisotropic at a first water vapor pressure/temperature, but non-birefrigent, optically clear, and isotropic at a second vapor pressure/temperature. Optical changes which accompany these phase changes may be amplified. Some compositions, exhibit abrupt and large increases in their dielectric constant coincident with the optical changes which occur at the phase shift point. Others show a large and precisely linear change in dielectric contant over many decades of relative humitity (RH), but the optical shift occurs at a precise point within the range.

Abstract: The invention is directed to chemical compositions suitable for use in salt-solution transition temperature or hot mirror devices. It also provides methods of using these sensors (for the measurement of the humidity of gases) as well as the apparatus. The chemical composition which of itself senses the changes of water vapor pressure is birefringent at a first water vapor pressure and temperature, but non-birefringent at a second vapor pressure and temperature. The optical changes which accompany these phase changes may be amplified with polarizers. The means for heating the chemical composition can vary widely. Various thermometric devices can be used for temperature sensing. The accuracy required of the particular instrument model, the device's configuration, and the other components, selected for the particular system all affect the choice of thermometric device selected.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chemical compositions for use in primary, optical/capacitance hygrometric devices. It also provides methods for using these compositions as sensors for the precise measurements of the humidity of gases as well as the apparatus. The chemical compositions, which of themselves sense the change in water vapor pressure, are birefringent, translucent, and anisotropic at a first water vapor pressure/temperature, but non-birefringent, optically clear, and isotropic at a second vapor pressure/temperature. Optical changes which accompany these phase changes may be amplified. Some compositions, exhibit abrupt and large increases in their dielectric constant coincident with the optical changes which occur at the phase shift point. Others show a large and precisely linear change in dielectric constant over many decades of relative humidity (RH), but the optical shift occurs at a precise point within the range.

Abstract: A composition of matter for use in a visual-type instrument which includes a polarizer for a light beam and an analyzer for a light beam, the chemical composition being birefringent at a first relative humidity and nonbirefringent at a second relative humidity.

Abstract: A composition of matter for use in a visual-type instrument which includes a polarizer for a light beam and an analyzer for a light beam, the chemical composition being birefringent at a first relative humidity and nonbirefringent at a second relative humidity.

Abstract: A visual-type temperature-responsive device and a method for indicating and measuring temperature including a source for providing a light beam, and means for providing observable changes in temperature of a chemical composition that of itself senses changes in temperature by being abruptly triggered at a desired temperature.