Abstract: The invention relates to a humanized nucleic acid construct from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene and method of modifying the gene. The humanized gene, and method of producing it, improves the structural fidelity of expressed protein product, when produced in mammalian host cells, to native, bacterially produced protein. The construct is useful in nucleic acid based vaccine formulations against B. anthracis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a humanized nucleic acid construct from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene and method of modifying the gene. The humanized gene, and method of producing it, improves the structural fidelity of expressed protein product, when produced in mammalian host cells, to native, bacterially produced protein. The construct is useful in nucleic acid based vaccine formulations against B. anthracis.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions of enhancing the immune response to an antigen.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for use with a clock having an input divider portion, a feedback divider portion, a phase detector portion, a loop compensation filter portion and a voltage controlled oscillator portion. The input divider portion receives a reference signal and outputs a divided reference signal. The feedback divider portion receives an output signal from the circuit and outputs a divided feedback signal. The phase detector portion outputs a phase detector signal based on the divided reference signal and the divided feedback signal. The loop compensation filter portion outputs a tuning signal based on the phase detector signal. The voltage controlled oscillator portion output the outputs a signal based on the tuning signal. The phase detector portion changes the phase detector signal based on the input divider portion receiving the control signal and the feedback divider portion receiving the control signal.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a humanized nucleic acid construct from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene and method of modifying the gene. The humanized gene, and method of producing it, improves the structural fidelity of expressed protein product, when produced in mammalian host cells, to native, bacterially produced protein. The construct is useful in nucleic acid based vaccine formulations against B. anthracis.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for use with a clock signal having a plurality of clock pulses, each clock pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge. The circuit is operable to receive a reference signal and to output an output signal. The circuit includes an input divider portion, a feedback divider portion, a phase detector portion, a loop compensation filter portion and a voltage controlled oscillator portion. The input divider portion is arranged to receive the reference signal and is operable to output a divided reference signal. The feedback divider portion is arranged to receive the output signal and is operable to output a divided feedback signal. The phase detector portion is operable to output a phase detector signal based on the divided reference signal and the divided feedback signal. The loop compensation filter portion is operable to output a tuning signal based on the phase detector signal. The voltage controlled oscillator portion is operable to output the output signal based on the tuning signal.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions of enhancing the immune response to an antigen.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a signal to a transmission medium. A first switching stage is connected in series between a source voltage and a transmission medium, and a second switching stage connected in series between the transmission medium and a reference line. The first and second switching stages each comprise at least one p channel transistor in parallel with at least one n channel transistor. The first and second switching stages are preferably configured to substantially symmetrically drive the transmission medium at a frequency of at least 4 gigahertz (GHz). The stages are further preferably characterized as variable resistance stages with lower resistance at the rails as compared to the midpoint of the input signal. Additional sets of stages can be provided to facilitate multiple outputs.

Abstract: A circuit for, and method of, generating a polyphase clock signal and a synchronous data processing system incorporating the circuit or the method. In one embodiment, the circuit includes: (1) R-S latch delay elements connected in a ring and configured to generate a circulating sequence of logic signals and (2) phase taps, coupled to points between ones of the R-S latch delay elements and configured to tap the circulating sequence to provide the polyphase clock signal.

Abstract: A hybrid digital and analog phase locked loop. A voltage controlled oscillator is provided, having a fine tune input, a coarse tune input and an output. A frequency divider has an input connected to receive a signal provided by the output of the voltage controlled oscillator, and has an output for providing a signal having a frequency that is divided with respect to a signal provided to its input. A phase detector is connected to receive a reference input signal having a reference frequency at a first input thereof and is connected to receive the signal provided by the output of the frequency divider. The phase detector has an output for providing a phase error signal. An analog is circuit configured as a proportional filter and is connected to receive the phase error signal and to provide a fine tune signal at the fine tune input of the voltage controlled oscillator.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for utilizing spore systems for medicinal and industrial protein applications are provided. Compositions comprise spores that produce and/or display carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids of interest. Such spores are useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents or vaccines against a broad spectrum of immunogens and bacterial and viral pathogens. Additionally, spore systems are useful in production, packaging, delivery, and presentation of polypeptides and/or nucleic acids for industrial catalysts, medical applications, and diagnostic applications.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for utilizing spore systems for medicinal and industrial protein applications are provided. Compositions comprise spores that produce and/or display carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids of interest. Such spores are useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents or vaccines against a broad spectrum of immunogens and bacterial and viral pathogens. Additionally, spore systems are useful in production, packaging, delivery, and presentation of polypeptides and/or nucleic acids for industrial catalysts, medical applications, and diagnostic applications.

Abstract: Integrated systems and methods for diversity generation and screening are provided. The systems use common fluid and array handling components to provide nucleic acid diversification, transcription, translation, product screening and subsequent diversification reactions.