Abstract: An in-situ method for regenerating a deactivated catalyst removes a calcium sulfate layer masking active catalyst sites. A reducing agent converts the calcium sulfate to calcium oxide, which is then removed, by reintrainment into the flue gas steam using soot blowers or sonic horns. The method is particularly useful for regenerating selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts used to remove nitrogen oxides from flue gas produced by combustion of coal from the Powder River Basin. The method can be practiced using existing SCR system hardware, and without removing the SCR system from service.

Abstract: An in-situ method for regenerating a deactivated catalyst removes a calcium sulfate layer masking active catalyst sites. A reducing agent converts the calcium sulfate to calcium oxide, which is then removed, by reintrainment into the flue gas steam using soot blowers or sonic horns. The method is particularly useful for regenerating selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts used to remove nitrogen oxides from flue gas produced by combustion of coal from the Powder River Basin. The method can be practiced using existing SCR system hardware, and without removing the SCR system from service.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these sulfide ions may include at least one of: sulfidic waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium sulfide, sodium sulfide, and thioacetamide. The sulfide ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous sulfide species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these sulfide ions may include at least one of: sulfidic waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium sulfide, sodium sulfide, and thioacetamide. The sulfide ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous sulfide species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.

Abstract: A closed combustion system is used to incinerate hazardous wastes and vitrify ash. An incinerator is provided with pure oxygen, hazardous waste and fuel for incinerating the hazardous waste. Slag from the incinerator is treated separately. Combusted products from the incinerator such as flue gases, liquids, solids and ash are channeled through the system and recirculated back to the incinerator for incineration. A dust collector is used to collect ash from the combusted product and recirculate back to the incinerator. A condensing heat exchanger is used to collect and dispose of waste liquids. Filters are used for filtering particulates from the combusted product. A CaO pebble bed is provided for causing reactions with the flue gases. Remaining insert gas in the system are bled into the atmosphere. Flue gases from the system are recirculated back into the pure oxygen for entry into the incinerator in order to provide temperature control.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for simultaneously removing NO.sub.X and SO.sub.X from the exhaust of a furnace includes an injection of limestone into a region of the furnace having a temperature of about 2,000.degree.-2,400.degree. F., and an injection of ammonia into a region in the furnace having a temperature of about 1,600.degree.-2,000.degree. F. The limestone absorbs at least some of the SO.sub.X and the ammonia absorbs at least some of the NO.sub.X. The exhaust from the furnace which contains particulate and gases, is supplied to a dry scrubber where further reactions take place between unused ammonia and SO.sub.X, and calcium sorbent and SO.sub.X. Sorbent and ammonia regeneration can also be utilized to further improve the efficiency of the system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vitrifying inorganic hazardous material including heavy metals from waste containing organic and inorganic substances. The inorganic hazardous material is retained and vitrified in the slag layer of a cyclone furnace where it is converted to a nonleachable, inert form for safe disposal in conventional landfills and where, simultaneously, organic hazardous substances are completely destroyed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vitrifying inorganic hazardous material including heavy metals from waste containing organic and inorganic substances. The inorganic hazardous material is retained and vitrified in the slag layer of a cyclone furnace where it is converted to a nonleachable, inert form for safe disposal in conventional landfills and where, simultaneously, organic hazardous substances are completely destroyed.