Abstract: A method of separating an atomically thin material, such as graphene, from a substrate, such as copper, is disclosed. The method provides a composite sheet, such as a graphene-copper sheet, and then applies hypersonic waves to the composite sheet so as to break the bonds therebetween and separate a graphene sheet from the copper substrate. A system to implement the separation is also disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and related methods for arresting and retaining molecules from solution upon the surface of a perforated graphene membrane with plural apertures selected to allow passage of the solutions' solvent while simultaneously arresting desired molecules upon the surface of the membrane. The method continues with arranging the perforated graphene membranes in a sequence of successively smaller plural aperture diameters to arrest and retain successively smaller molecules in series. The dislodging devices include electromagnetic, electromechanical and electrostatic configurations.