Abstract: Haptens and antigen derivatives are coupled, through an azo bond, to proteins to form a conjugated material. The conjugate is injected into laboratory animals to raise antibodies which are useful in immunochemically assaying for the original haptens and antigen derivatives. Included among the immunochemical assay methods are radio-immune assays and fluorescence methods.

Abstract: Antigens capable of generating antibodies specific to morphine and other 3-oxybenzomorphan compounds are prepared by conjugating 3-oxybenzomorphan derivatives with immunogenic carriers employing a linking site on an aryl group of the 3-oxybenzomorphan other than the hydroxyl substituent, so as to produce antibodies specific for the material.

Abstract: Antigenic phenethylamine conjugates are produced by blocking the amine of the phenethylamine hapten with a group, coupling of the phenethylamine to a carrier, and removal of the blocking group. Specific phenethylamines useful in this invention are amphetamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The antigens thus produced can be used to raise antibodies in animal bodies, the antibodies being specific to the phenethylamine compound employed. The antibodies are useful in assaying for the phenethylamine hapten compounds.

Abstract: Antigens comprising 5,5'-alkylphenyl barbituric acid haptens and related 5,5'-phenylhydantoin haptens coupled to a carrier through an azo group connected meta or para on the phenyl ring are prepared by diazotization of the corresponding amine. Specific antibodies are raised in animals and used in radioimmuno assays for the corresponding hapten.

Abstract: Tyrosyl, thyronine, and histidyl compounds of the formulas: ##SPC1##Where R' is selected from the group consisting of --OH and --NHP.sub.p and R" is selected from the class consisting of --H and --COP.sub.p, where P.sub.p is a polypeptide chain having from 1 to 250 peptide groups, with or without pendant groups, X is selected from the class consisting of H and I; when X is I, X' is selected from the group consisting of H and I; and n is 0 or 1, where X' is H when n is 0; are conjugated to a carrier by first forming a primary aromatic amine on the carrier, diazotizing the amine, and coupling the tyrosyl, histidyl, or thyronine through the diazo group to form a novel antigenic conjugate. This novel antigenic conjugate can be injected into an animal for production of specific antibodies which are useful in assaying for the target, particularly by radioassaying.

Abstract: A radioimmune method of assaying quantitatively for a hapten comprising contacting an aqueous sample containing the hapten under assay, a known quantity of a radioactively labeled marker which incorporates a hapten homologous to the hapten under assay, and an insolubilized antibody specific for the hapten under assay to competitively bind part of said labeled hapten and the hapten contained in said sample to the antibody; incubating the foregoing mixture until a two-phase system is produced comprising an insoluble or solid phase and an aqueous phase, and measuring the radioactivity of at least one of said two phases, the value of said radioactivity being a function of the concentration in said sample of the hapten under assay.