Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing an arterial blood pressure waveform to extract clinically useful information on the state of the cardiovascular system are disclosed herein. In order to obtain the parameters of the modified Windkessel model, the diastolic portion of a subject's blood pressure waveform is scanned over a plurality of ranges and the range that produces the best fit of data and lowest error estimates are selected. In addition, multiple empirically determined starting values of the ‘A’ parameters are used to find the best fit of the model data to the actual arterial blood pressure waveform data.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing an arterial blood pressure waveform to extract clinically useful information on the state of the cardiovascular system are disclosed herein. In order to obtain the parameters of the modified Windkessel model, the diastolic portion of a subject's blood pressure waveform is scanned over a plurality of ranges and the range that produces the best fit of data and lowest error estimates are selected. In addition, multiple empirically determined starting values of the ‘A’ parameters are used to find the best fit of the model data to the actual arterial blood pressure waveform data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing an arterial blood pressure waveform to extract clinically useful information on the state of the cardiovascular system are disclosed herein. In order to obtain the parameters of the modified Windkessel model, the diastolic portion of a subject's blood pressure waveform is scanned over a plurality of ranges and the range that produces the best fit of data and lowest error estimates are selected. In addition, multiple empirically determined starting values of the ‘A’ parameters are used to find the best fit of the model data to the actual arterial blood pressure waveform data.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing an arterial blood pressure waveform to extract clinically useful information on the state of the cardiovascular system are disclosed herein. In order to obtain the parameters of the modified Windkessel model, the diastolic portion of a subject's blood pressure waveform is scanned over a plurality of ranges and the range that produces the best fit of data and lowest error estimates are selected. In addition, multiple empirically determined starting values of the `A` parameters are used to find the best fit of the model data to the actual arterial blood pressure waveform data.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Apparatus for Measuring Stroke Volume/Cardiac Output includes a transducer for measuring arterial blood pressure waveform, a digitizer for digitizing the analog signal generated by the transducer and a digital signal processor for determining ejection time and heart rate. Processor circuitry determines cardiac output using the ejection time, heart rate, the body surface area and age of the patient, with the cardiac output measure being displayed by the meter.

Abstract: A vascular impedance measurement instrument includes a transducer to obtain a digitized arterial blood pressure waveform. The digitized data is used to determine cardiac output, and to subsequently obtain measurements of impedance parameters using the modified Windkessel model of the arterial system. The instrument is used as an aid in diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing, monitoring and treating hypertension uses the parameter C.sub.2 of the modified Windkessel model as an indication of the hypertensive disease condition. Apparatus for determining the parameter C.sub.2 (i.e. distal vascular compliance) of the modified Windkessel model includes means for obtaining a pressure pulse contour and a cardiac output value and for determining the model parameters.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for monitoring and diagnosing CHF and hypertension includes digitizing brachial artery pulses and determining C.sub.2 from modified Windkessel model. CHF and hypertension are monitored and diagnosed by tracking C.sub.2 values and testing values against a disease discriminating threshold of 0.08 ml/mm Hg.