Abstract: Methods of generating subsurface heat for treatment of a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. Steam is provided to at least a portion of a hydrocarbon containing formation from a plurality of substantially horizontal steam injection wells. A mixture comprising hydrogen sulfide and an oxidant is combusted in one or more flameless distributed combustors positioned in one or more substantially vertical wellbores to generate heat. At least one of the substantially vertical wellbores is within ten meters of an end of at least one of the substantially horizontal steam injection wells, and at least a portion of the generated heat is transferred to a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation located between at least one of the substantially horizontal steam injection wells and at least one of the substantially vertical heater wells to mobilize formation fluids for recovery.

Abstract: Methods of generating subsurface heat for treatment of a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. Methods include providing steam to at least a portion of a hydrocarbon containing formation from a plurality of locations in a wellbore. The steam is hotter than a temperature of the portion. The steam is heated in the wellbore by combusting a stream comprising hydrogen sulfide in the wellbore. Heat from the combustion transfers to the steam. The steam provided the portion at a first location in the wellbore is hotter than steam provided at a second location in the wellbore along the length of the wellbore, where the first location is further from a surface of the formation than the second location along the length of the wellbore.

Abstract: Methods for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. A comprising hydrogen sulfide is combusted in one or more surface facilities exterior to the hydrocarbon containing formation to produce a sulfur oxides stream. At least a portion of the sulfur oxides stream is provided to a hydrocarbon containing formation. Steam may be provided to the hydrocarbon containing formation. Mixing of the steam and/or water in the formation with the sulfur oxides generates heat of solution in the hydrocarbon containing formation for mobilizing formation fluids.

Abstract: Methods of generating subsurface heat for treatment of a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. Methods include providing water through one or more wellbores to at least a portion of a hydrocarbon containing formation and combusting at least a portion of a fuel stream comprising hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an oxygen source in one or more heaters positioned in one of the wellbores to produce a combustion by-products stream. Heat from the combustion is transferred to a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation. The combustion by-products stream includes one or more sulfur oxides. Heat of solution is released by contacting at least a portion of the combustion by-products stream with a portion of the water and/or a portion of water in the hydrocarbon containing formation.

Abstract: Methods of generating subsurface heat for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. The methods include providing a stream that includes water to a plurality of wellbores. Fuel and oxidant is provided to one or more flameless distributed combustors positioned in at least one of the wellbores. The fuel and oxidant is mixed to form a fuel/oxidant mixture. At least a portion of the mixture is flamelessly combusted in at least one of the flameless distributed combustors to generate heat. The fuel includes at least 0.1% hydrogen sulfide by volume.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts containing a transition metal sulfide produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. In some embodiments, gas is produced during contact with one or more catalysts and the crude feed.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts containing a transition metal sulfide produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. In some embodiments, gas is produced during contact with one or more catalysts and the crude feed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a crude product from a crude feed. A crude feed is contacted with a hydrogen source and a catalyst comprising a transition metal sulfide under conditions controlled such that the crude product has a residue content of at most the 30% of the residue content of the crude feed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude product composition. The crude product has, per gram of crude product: at least 0.001 grams of naphtha, the naphtha having an octane number of at least 70, and the naphtha having at most 0.15 grams of olefins per gram of naphtha; at least 0.001 grams of kerosene, the kerosene having at least 0.2 grams of aromatics per gram of kerosene and a freezing point at a temperature of at most ?30° C.; and at most 0.05 grams of residue.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude product composition. The crude product composition comprises hydrocarbons that have a boiling range distribution between about 30° C. and 538° C. (1,000° F.) at 0.101 MPa, The hydrocarbons comprise iso-paraffins and n-paraffins, where the weight ratio of the iso-paraffins to n-paraffins is at most 1.4.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude product composition. The crude product composition has, per gram of crude product: at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C. at 0.101 MPa, at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 204° C. and about 300° C. at 0.101 MPa, at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 300° C. and about 400° C. at 0.101 MPa, and at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 400° C. and about 538° C. at 0.101 MPa. The hydrocarbons that have a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C. comprise iso-paraffins and n-paraffins with a weight ratio of the iso-paraffins to the n-paraffins of at most 1.4.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. In some embodiments, gas is produced during contact with one or more catalysts and the crude feed.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed. Methods of preparing the one or more catalysts are described. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. The crude product may include hydrocarbons with different boiling point distributions.

Abstract: Dehydrogenation catalysts are prepared by a predoping process comprising, mixing iron oxide materials with a predopant to form a blend of iron oxide and predopant and heating the blend to the predoping conditions and thereafter forming a catalyst. The catalysts so prepared are useful in the dehydrogenation of a composition having at least one carbon--carbon double bond. Such catalytic uses include the conversion of ethylbenzene to styrene.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a composition is presented comprising restructured iron oxide particles. A method is also presented for restructuring iron oxide particles to form low surface area iron oxide particles. In this method, iron oxide particles are contacted with an effective mount of a restructuring agent and are then heated until restructuring occurs.