Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide is removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. This carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream is then passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor ultimately yielding a mixed alcohol product which is preferably largely ethanol. The removed carbon dioxide stream is passed through a methane reformer along with methane, which is produced in or has passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to yield primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen stream from the methane reformer are passed through the alcohol reactor. Also disclosed are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide is removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. This carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream is then passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor ultimately yielding a mixed alcohol product which is preferably largely ethanol. The removed carbon dioxide stream is passed through a methane reformer along with methane, which is produced in or has passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to yield primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen stream from the methane reformer are passed through the alcohol reactor. Also disclosed are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide is removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. This carbon dioxide depleted syngas stream is then passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor ultimately yielding a mixed alcohol product which is preferably largely ethanol. The removed carbon dioxide stream is passed through a methane reformer along with methane, which is produced in or has passed through a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to yield primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen stream from the methane reformer are passed through the alcohol reactor. Also disclosed are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen produced are removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a reduced hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane syngas stream. The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide are passed through a Fischer Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of methanol. The methanol produced in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is passed with the reduced hydrogen syngas through a second Fischer-Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of ethanol. Also disclosed, without limitation, are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A four stage steam reformer suitable for producing a synthetic gaseous stream from a carbonaceous feedstock. Each stage is capable of operating at a progressively higher temperature than the immediate preceding stage.

Abstract: A process for substantially increasing the production of ethanol from corn and other such biomass feedstocks. Ethanol, carbon dioxide and distiller grains are typically produced during the fermentation process. The carbon dioxide is used as a feed for additional ethanol make and the distiller grains can be used as a livestock feed or to produce a synthetic fuel gas that is used to run a boiler to produce steam used in the fermentation process.

Abstract: An integrated process wherein a CO2-free fuel gas is produced from steam reforming a carbonaceous material and sent to a gas turbine which is associated with an electrical generator. The CO2 produced during the steam reforming of the carbonaceous material is passed to a second steam reforming zone where it is mixed with a second carbonaceous feed to produce a syn-gas that is used to produce ethylene.

Abstract: A process for generating electrical power from a carbonaceous fuel source without carbon dioxide emissions while producing ethanol. A carbonaceous material is reacted in a stream reformer wherein a fuel gas is produced, which fuel gas is sent to a CO shift reactor to convert substantially all CO to CO2 thus resulting in a CO-lean fuel gas stream. The CO-lean fuel gas stream is sent to an acid gas recovery zone to produce a hydrogen rich stream which is sent to a gas turbine associated with an electrical generator. The acid gas stream, of which H2S is removed, thus leaving CO2 which is sent to a second steam reforming zone along with a second carbonaceous feedstock wherein a syn-gas stream is produced which is eventually converted to ethanol.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen produced are removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a reduced hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane syngas stream. The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide are passed through a Fischer Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of methanol. The methanol produced in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is passed with the reduced hydrogen syngas through a second Fischer-Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of ethanol. Also disclosed, without limitation, are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock to alcohol conversion process in which carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen produced are removed from the syngas stream issuing from a feedstock reformer, to yield a reduced hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane syngas stream. The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide are passed through a Fischer Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of methanol. The methanol produced in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is passed with the reduced hydrogen syngas through a second Fischer-Tropsch reactor which is catalyzed to favor the production of ethanol. Also disclosed, without limitation, are a unique catalyst, a method for controlling the content of the syngas formed in the feedstock reformer, and a feedstock handling system.

Abstract: A process for substantially increasing the production of ethanol from corn and other such biomass feedstocks. Ethanol, carbon dioxide and distiller grains are typically produced during fermentation of corn starch. Both the carbon dioxide and the distiller grains are used as feedstocks for additional ethanol make in the practice of this invention.

Abstract: The production of synthetic natural gas from a carbonaceous material, preferably a biomass material, such as wood. The carbonaceous material is first pyrolyzed, then subjected to steam reforming to produce a syngas, which is then passed to several clean-up steps then to a methanation zone to produce synthetic natural gas.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic natural gas from a carbonaceous material, preferably a biomass material, such as wood. The carbonaceous material is steam reformed to produce a syngas, which is then fed to a methanation zone to produce synthetic natural gas.

Abstract: A two-stage upflow process for coal gasification and an apparatus useful therefor. An oxygen-containing gas and a first increment of a coal-in-water slurry are ignited in a horizontal fired slagging reactor by means of horizontal coaxial juxtaposed burner nozzles mounted in the reactor, thereby converting the oxygen, the coal, and the water into steam and gaseous combustion products. The discharge from the fired reactor is contacted overhead with a second increment of coal-water slurry in a vertical unfired heat-recovery unit connected to the upper end of the reactor. The heat evolved in the reactor is used in the heat recovery unit to convert the second increment of coal-water slurry into more steam, char and synthesis gas. The gas effluent is separated from the solid char, and synthesis gas is passed into a fire-tube boiler to recover heat and the cooled product gas is recovered as the desired fuel-rich product. The solid char is reslurried and recycled to the fired reactor 3 for further combustion.

Abstract: An improved burner nozzle and process for making a synthetic or fuel gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the partial oxidation, in a free-flowing hollow reactor, of a slurry of solid carbonaceous fuel in a liquid carrier admixed with a gas containing free oxygen. The nozzle may also be used in other applications where nozzles are required to handle slurries having a high concentration of finely-divided solids that must be uniformly admixed with a gas, as for example, in the aeration or incineration processes of a waste disposal plant. The nozzle and process include enveloping of an annular slurry stream between a central layer and an annular layer of high velocity gas, impinging the annular slurry stream on a downstream nozzle diffuser where a zone of high shear forces produce a uniform atomized admixture of solids, liquids and gases, and then transporting the admixture through an exit orifice at an accelerated velocity to further atomize the admixture.

Abstract: A vessel having a floor which includes a tap outlet through which liquid contents in the vessel can be drained. The tap outlet features a shallow aperture circumscribed by first and second drip lines. The second drip line circumscribes the first drip line and is substantially coplanar with the first drip line. The two drip lines are connected one to the other by an annular hollow surface.