Abstract: Apparatus and method for a plasma discharge for ignition in an internal combustion engine. A digital electronic system controls ignition performance and can provide an ignition discharge throughout an entire power stroke of a piston in a cylinder. The discharge can be controlled by a signal from a conventional distributor, crank trigger or other source. Controllable discharge of a capacitor occurs through the primary winding of an ignition coil. In addition, the capacitor may be both discharged and recharged in an oscillatory manner through the primary of the ignition coil. Such oscillatory discharging and recharging of the capacitor results in energy being delivered to the spark plug during both discharge and recharge cycles, thereby resulting in the delivery of discharge energy to the spark plug on a substantially continuous basis.

Abstract: A moving fluid containing pollutants including NOx compounds is subjected to a relatively low-power alternating-current dielectric discharge for a relatively long time duration. In this manner, pollutants are oxidized and dissociated while the temperature of the fluid is kept low enough to prevent the formation of new NOx pollutants.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for a plasma discharge for ignition in an internal combustion engine. A digital electronic system controls ignition performance and can provide an ignition discharge throughout an entire power stroke of a piston in a cylinder. The discharge can be controlled by a signal from a conventional distributor, crank trigger or other source.

Abstract: A moving fluid containing pollutants including NOx compounds is subjected to a relatively low-power alternating-current dielectric discharge for a relatively long time duration. In this manner, pollutants are oxidized and dissociated while the temperature of the fluid is kept low enough to prevent the formation of new NOx pollutants.

Abstract: A mixture of particles of different materials is further comminuted by rubbing contact while moving at high relative velocity along a surface of a solid body to a substantially smaller size range during which the particles of different materials acquire a very high differential charge, and while bearing such high differential charge the particles of different material are entered into an electric field for efficient separation of particles of one material from particles of another material.

Abstract: Electrically charging liquid droplets by causing a liquid sheet to expand in area and to break up into droplets in a region adjacent to an electrode.

Abstract: Electrically charging liquid droplets by causing a liquid sheet to expand in area and to break up into droplets in a region adjacent to an electrode.

Abstract: After pulverizing feed coal to a range of particle sizes from 1 to 250 microns, the particles are divided at approximately a micron level in the range from 37 to 74 microns into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction. The inorganic material is separated from the organic material, at least in the coarse fraction, and the particles of inorganic material are excluded from the coal that is fed to the boiler.

Abstract: After pulverizing to minus 200 mesh, a mixture of coal and pyrite particles is passed through an A.C. silent corona discharge in the presence of a reactant gas. Simultaneously, the particles are de-agglomerated and an electrical or magnetic difference between them is enhanced. Thereafter, the pyrite is separated from the coal. The effectiveness of the pulverizing step in separating pyrite particles from the coal matrix, especially small-size particles approximately 50 micrometers and less, is enhanced by pretreating the coal with a chemical comminutant. One example is a solution of ammonia, used to presoak the coal for a short time, at, for example, atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for producing ozone by treating an oxygen-containing gas such as air with electrons or negative gas ions and repeating the treatment as by recirculation to produce at high energy efficiency a concentration of ozone sufficient for effective direct treatment of waste water. Ozone concentrations well in excess of 10,000 parts per million in air have been produced.An ion accelerator is a preferred source of electrons or negative ions.