Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as concrete curbs, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a concrete curb can substantially be similar in size and/or shape as the concrete curb that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart concrete curb when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test automated vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being impacted by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as concrete curbs, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a concrete curb can substantially be similar in size and/or shape as the concrete curb that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart concrete curb when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test automated vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being impacted by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects can be used for vehicle testing. A grass surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as natural grass when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle systems (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The grass surrogate can help a vehicle to identify road boundaries, particularly in portions of a road that do not include lane markings. The grass surrogate can be configured to withstand being driven over by a test vehicle without being damaged and/or without damaging the test vehicle. In some arrangements, the grass surrogate can include artificial grass that is coated with a mixture of high gloss acrylic paint and high reflectance pigments.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as metal guardrails, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a metal guardrail can have substantially the same size and/or shape as the metal guardrail that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart metal guardrail when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being crashed into by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as concrete dividers, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a concrete divider can have substantially the same size and/or shape as the concrete divider that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart concrete divider when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being crashed into by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as metal guardrails, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a metal guardrail can have substantially the same size and/or shape as the metal guardrail that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart metal guardrail when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being crashed into by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: Surrogates for roadside objects, such as concrete dividers, can be used for vehicle testing. A surrogate for a concrete divider can have substantially the same size and/or shape as the concrete divider that the surrogate is mimicking. The surrogate can be configured to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as their actual counterpart concrete divider when sensed by one or more vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, radar sensors, and/or LIDAR sensors). Such surrogates can be used to test autonomous vehicles, one or more vehicle sensors, a vehicle sensor system, and/or one or more vehicle system (e.g., a road departure mitigation system). The surrogates can be configured to withstand being crashed into by a test vehicle without being damaged and without damaging the test vehicle.

Abstract: A system for managing performance of one or more electrical components in real-time includes one or more sensors to provide working conditions of one or more energy consuming devices. The system further includes one or more actuators coupled to and configured to control the one or more energy consuming devices. Additionally, the system includes a computing device in electrical communication with the one or more sensors and the one or more actuators. The system also includes a database capable of retaining an instruction program for the computing device. The computing device includes a processor that is configured to receive data from the one or more sensors, analyze data from the one or more sensors, and execute the instruction program received from the database in order to optimize operation of the one or more energy consuming devices based on one or more criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus for repetitive use in automotive testing includes a body. The body includes a torso and a pair of legs. Each leg includes an upper portion and a lower portion pivotably connected to each other. An upper drive pivotably drives the upper portion of each of the pair of legs about a first pivot point disposed on a bottom portion of the torso. A lower drive pivotably drives the upper portion with respect to a corresponding lower portion of the leg. The upper drive and lower drive working in concert to articulate the upper and lower portions of the leg to replicate a pedaling motion.

Abstract: An apparatus and device for repetitive use in automotive testing is provided. The apparatus includes a frame dimensioned in the same shape as a bicycle frame. The frame includes a first support beam and a plurality of second support beams. The apparatus further includes an elastic member elastically coupling each of the plurality of second support beams to the first support beam so as to allow the frame to separate when impacted and be easily reassembled for further testing. The device includes a disk having a first radar transparent layer opposite a second radar transparent layer and a reflective film disposed between the first radar transparent layer and the second radar transparent layer. The reflective film has a radar cross section pattern similar to that of an actual bicycle wheel when seen by automotive radar.

Abstract: A system for managing performance of one or more electrical components in real-time is disclosed. The system includes one or more sensors coupled to one or more energy consuming devices and adapted to provide working conditions of the one or more energy consuming devices. The system further includes one or more actuators coupled to and configured to control the one or more energy consuming devices. Additionally, the system includes a computing device in electrical communication with the one or more sensors and the one or more actuators. The system also includes a database capable of retaining an instruction program for the computing device. The computing device includes a processor that is configured to receive data from the one or more sensors, analyze data from the one or more sensors, and execute the instruction program received from the database in order to optimize operation of the one or more energy consuming devices based on one or more criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus and device for repetitive use in automotive testing is provided. The apparatus includes a frame dimensioned in the same shape as a bicycle frame. The frame includes a first support beam and a plurality of second support beams. The apparatus further includes an elastic member elastically coupling each of the plurality of second support beams to the first support beam so as to allow the frame to separate when impacted and be easily reassembled for further testing. The device includes a disk having a first radar transparent layer opposite a second radar transparent layer and a reflective film disposed between the first radar transparent layer and the second radar transparent layer. The reflective film has a radar cross section pattern similar to that of an actual bicycle wheel when seen by automotive radar.

Abstract: An apparatus for repetitive use in automotive testing includes a body. The body includes a torso and a pair of legs. Each leg includes an upper portion and a lower portion pivotably connected to each other. An upper drive pivotably drives the upper portion of each of the pair of legs about a first pivot point disposed on a bottom portion of the torso. A lower drive pivotably drives the upper portion with respect to a corresponding lower portion of the leg. The upper drive and lower drive working in concert to articulate the upper and lower portions of the leg to replicate a pedaling motion.

Abstract: An artificial skin for use on a radar mannequin exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined frequency and a radar mannequin having the artificial skin are provided. The artificial skin and the radar mannequin with the artificial skin are configured to produce a radar cross section that closely approximates the radar cross section of a human. The artificial skin includes a conductive layer of material and a shielding layer of material. The conductive layer and the shielding layer are configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation at a level of an electromagnetic response of human skin exposed to the electromagnetic radiation. The shielding layer also electromagnetically shields an inside surface of the artificial skin from electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An artificial skin for use on a radar mannequin exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined frequency and a radar mannequin having the artificial skin are provided. The artificial skin and the radar mannequin with the artificial skin are configured to produce a radar cross section that closely approximates the radar cross section of a human. The artificial skin includes a conductive layer of material and a shielding layer of material. The conductive layer and the shielding layer are configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation at a level of an electromagnetic response of human skin exposed to the electromagnetic radiation. The shielding layer also electromagnetically shields an inside surface of the artificial skin from electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A technique for producing multiple protein blots from a single gel, including entering the number ‘n’ membranes to be blotted into microprocessor memory, determining calibration constants for a gel batch, inputting calibration constants into microprocessor memory, and calculating ‘n’ voltage/time profiles for simultaneous blotting. A gel layer from the gel batch is treated with a protein sample, ‘n’ membranes are placed onto the gel layer to yield a gel pack, and the gel pack is placed between an electrode plate maintained at a fixed first voltage and an array of ‘n’ spaced generally parallel electrodes. The voltage to each respective ‘n’ spaced generally parallel electrodes is varied over time according to a respective ‘n’ voltage/time profile to transfer proteins to each respective ‘n’ membranes to yield blotted membranes to yield ‘n’ respective blotted membranes.

Abstract: A technique for producing multiple protein blots from a single gel, including entering the number ‘n’ membranes to be blotted into microprocessor memory, determining calibration constants for a gel batch, inputting calibration constants into microprocessor memory, and calculating ‘n’ voltage/time profiles for simultaneous blotting. A gel layer from the gel batch is treated with a protein sample, ‘n’ membranes are placed onto the gel layer to yield a gel pack, and the gel pack is placed between an electrode plate maintained at a fixed first voltage and an array of ‘n’ spaced generally parallel electrodes. The voltage to each respective ‘n’ spaced generally parallel electrodes is varied over time according to a respective ‘n’ voltage/time profile to transfer proteins to each respective ‘n’ membranes to yield blotted membranes to yield ‘n’ respective blotted membranes.