Abstract: An apparatus can include a subassembly having one or more electrode elements, each electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface. The apparatus can further comprise a skin contact layer comprising a conductive adhesive. The skin contact layer can be coupled to the subassembly and can be disposed on the skin-facing side of the electrode elements. The conductive adhesive is electrically coupled to the electrode and configured to contact skin of a subject. At least a portion of the skin contact layer is selectively removable from the subassembly.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, including: a substrate; an electrode element coupled to the substrate; a layer of anisotropic material electrically coupled to the electrode element, wherein the electrode element is located between the substrate and the layer of anisotropic material having a front face and a back face, wherein the back face of the layer of anisotropic material faces the electrode element; a non-conductive material border disposed over an outer perimeter of the layer of anisotropic material, the non-conductive material border being electrically non-conductive, wherein, when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the front face of the layer of anisotropic material: an inner edge of the non-conductive material border overlaps a portion of the front face of the layer of anisotropic material, and an outer edge of the non-conductive material border extends outside the outer perimeter of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: TTFields are applied using transducer arrays made from a plurality of individual electrode elements. The temperatures of those electrode elements can be normalized by positioning respective regions of pyroelectric material in thermal contact with the electrode elements, and subsequently applying an AC signal to each of the electrode elements at respective duty cycles so that an alternating electric field is induced within the subject. For each of the regions of the pyroelectric material, an electrical characteristic that is related to temperature is measured after the AC signal turns off. The duty cycles of the AC signals that are applied to the electrode elements is adjusted until the measured electrical characteristics indicate that the temperatures of all the regions of the pyroelectric material have equalized to within 1° C.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: a plurality of electrode elements; wherein the plurality of electrode elements comprises a first electrode element and a second electrode element, wherein the first electrode element and the second electrode element are substantially located in a plane of the transducer apparatus; and when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the plane, the first electrode element and the second electrode element have edges located adjacent each other without any other electrodes between them, wherein the edges of the first electrode element and the second electrode element extend parallel to each other along their length.

Abstract: Alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) may be applied to a subject's body using electrode assemblies, each of which includes a plurality of graphite sheets (or sheets of another conductive anisotropic material) that are positioned adjacent to, but not touching, each other. One or more electrode elements are disposed in electrical contact with each of the graphite sheets. Strips of electrically insulating and thermally conductive material are disposed between the graphite sheets, and these strips are positioned in thermal contact with the adjacent graphite sheets. The graphite sheets facilitate the passive spreading of heat within the confines of any given sheet. And the strips of material allow the passive spreading of heat to continue beyond the confines of any given sheet without compromising inter-sheet electrical isolation.

Abstract: Described herein are devices for applying an alternating electric field to a living subject or an in vitro medium at a frequency between 100 kHz and 500 kHz. Also described herein are methods of using the described devices for applying an AC electric field to a target region comprising rapidly dividing cells, e.g., cells associated with a variety of disorders or conditions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a subassembly having one or more electrode elements, each electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface. The apparatus can further comprise a skin contact layer comprising a conductive adhesive. The skin contact layer can be coupled to the subassembly and can be disposed on the skin-facing side of the electrode elements. The conductive adhesive is electrically coupled to the electrode and configured to contact skin of a subject. At least a portion of the skin contact layer is selectively removable from the subassembly.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: at least one electrode element; a layer of anisotropic material; a first layer of conductive adhesive positioned between a skin-facing surface of the at least one electrode element and an outwardly facing surface of the layer of anisotropic material; and a skin contact layer. The skin contact layer includes a biocompatible conductive adhesive and is disposed on a skin-facing side of the layer of anisotropic material. The first layer of conductive adhesive facilitates electrical contact between the skin-facing surface of the at least one electrode element and the outwardly facing surface of the layer of anisotropic material. A plurality of openings extend through the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: An assembly for providing tumor treating fields includes an electrode subassembly with at least one electrode element. The electrode subassembly has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface. The assembly further includes a skin contact subassembly removably coupled to the skin-facing surface of the electrode subassembly. The skin contact subassembly includes a base portion. The base portion includes an electrically conductive skin contact layer configured to contact skin of a subject. The skin contact subassembly further includes a plurality of flaps, each flap having a respective edge congruent with or attached to the base portion and pivotably coupled to the base portion. The respective edges of the plurality of flaps cooperate to at least partially surround a receiving area. The electrode subassembly has an outer perimeter that overlies the receiving area and fits within an outer perimeter of the receiving area.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body comprises: a plurality of electrode subassemblies configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a front face facing the subject's body and a back face opposite the front face, each electrode subassembly comprising at least one electrode element; a plurality of sections of an anisotropic material layer, each electrically coupled to at least one electrode element, each section of anisotropic material layer comprising a front face and a back face opposite the front face, and wherein when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the front face of the electrode subassemblies, each respective section of anisotropic material layer is spaced apart and is not touching other sections of the plurality of sections of anisotropic material layer; and a flexible electrical connector electrically connecting the plurality of electrode subassemblies.

Abstract: Apparatuses for use in applying TTFields are disclosed. An apparatus comprises an electrode subassembly including at least one electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface. The apparatus further includes a skin contact subassembly comprising a skin contact conductive adhesive or gel configured to contact skin of a subject. One of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises an electrically conductive polymer layer, and the other of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises a second conductive adhesive or gel. The electrically conductive polymer layer is disposed against, and removably coupled to, the second conductive adhesive or gel, thereby removably coupling the electrode subassembly to the skin contact subassembly so that the skin contact conductive adhesive or gel is electrically coupled to the at least one electrode element.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: an array of electrodes, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a front face of the array facing the subject's body, the array comprising electrode elements; an anisotropic material layer electrically coupled to the array of electrodes and located on a front side of the front face of the array, the anisotropic material layer comprising a front face and a back face, the back face facing the array of electrodes, the anisotropic material layer further including a hole passing through the front face and the back face of the anisotropic material layer; and a foam layer coupled to the front face of the anisotropic material layer and covering the hole on the front face of the anisotropic material layer.

Abstract: Described herein are devices for applying an alternating electric field to a living subject or an in vitro medium at a frequency between 100 kHz and 500 kHz. Also described herein are methods of using the described devices for applying an AC electric field to a target region comprising rapidly dividing cells, e.g., cells associated with a variety of disorders or conditions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) can be applied to a subject's body using a pair of electrode assemblies, each of which includes a flexible insulating substrate and a plurality of conductive pads disposed on a front side of the flexible insulating substrate. Each of the conductive pads includes a layer of nickel, a layer of palladium disposed on a front side of the layer of nickel, and a layer of gold disposed on a front side of the layer of palladium. A plurality of flexible polymer regions made from Poly(VDF-TrFE-CtFE), Poly(VDF-TrFE-CFE), and/or Poly(VDF-TrFE-CFE-CTFE) are disposed on the front side of the conductive pads. When an AC voltage is applied between the pair of electrode assemblies, an AC current will be capacitively coupled into the subject's body, which will induce the alternating electric fields in the subject's body.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an outer adhesive layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive, at least one layer of anisotropic material, a layer of dielectric material, and a skin contact layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive. The at least one layer of anisotropic material and the layer of dielectric material are positioned between the outer adhesive layer and the skin contact layer. The layer of dielectric material contacts at least a first layer of the at least one layer of anisotropic material to form a capacitive structure.

Abstract: A transducer array for delivering tumor treating fields (TTFields) to a subject's body, comprising: an electrode array comprising a plurality of electrode elements, a front face, and a back face, the electrode array configured to deliver TTFields to the subject's body; at least one void space capable of enclosing an areal footprint equivalent to at least a portion of an areal footprint of at least one electrode element position, and superimposable on at least a portion of at least one electrode element position by rotation of the electrode array; a first conductive adhesive layer located on the front face of the electrode array; a second conductive adhesive layer comprising a front face for facing the subject's body and a back face facing the front face of the first conductive adhesive layer; wherein the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer comprise different adhesives.

Abstract: Apparatuses for use in applying TTFields are disclosed. An apparatus comprises an electrode subassembly including at least one electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface. The apparatus further includes a skin contact subassembly comprising a skin contact conductive adhesive or gel configured to contact skin of a subject. One of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises an electrically conductive polymer layer, and the other of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises a second conductive adhesive or gel. The electrically conductive polymer layer is disposed against, and removably coupled to, the second conductive adhesive or gel, thereby removably coupling the electrode subassembly to the skin contact subassembly so that the skin contact conductive adhesive or gel is electrically coupled to the at least one electrode element.

Abstract: A transducer array including a conductive layer and a conductive gel layer is described. The conductive layer has one or more electrode element. The one or more electrode element is configured to receive electrical signals from an electric field generator producing an electric signal as a Tumor Treating Field. The conductive gel layer overlaps the one or more electrode element of the conductive layer. The conductive gel layer has a first region and a second region. The first region has a first resistivity and the second region having a second resistivity with the first resistivity being different from the second resistivity.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in applying TTFields includes an electrode subassembly. The electrode subassembly includes at least one electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface and a dielectric layer on the skin-facing side of the at least one electrode element. The dielectric layer includes at least one fluoroelastomer. The electrode subassembly includes a skin-facing surface and the dielectric layer provides the skin-facing surface of the electrode subassembly. A skin contact subassembly is coupled to the electrode subassembly. The skin contact subassembly includes a skin contact conductive adhesive or gel configured to contact skin of a subject. The skin contact conductive adhesive or gel is electrically coupled to the at least one electrode element when the skin contact subassembly is disposed against the skin-facing surface of the electrode subassembly. The skin contact subassembly is releasably coupled to the electrode subassembly.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus comprises an electrode subassembly. The electrode assembly comprises at least one electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface and a dielectric layer on the skin-facing side of the at least one electrode element. The dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of at least 10 and comprises at least one polymer. The electrode subassembly comprises a skin-facing surface. The dielectric layer provides the skin-facing surface of the electrode subassembly. A skin contact subassembly is coupled to the electrode subassembly. The skin contact subassembly comprises a skin contact conductive adhesive or gel configured to contact skin of a subject. The skin contact conductive adhesive or gel is electrically coupled to the at least one electrode element when the skin contact subassembly is disposed against the skin-facing surface of the electrode subassembly. The skin contact subassembly is releasably coupled to the electrode subassembly.