Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid that exhibits simplified manufacturing, a reduced construction size, and/or an increased heating efficiency. The heat exchanger has at least two distanced tube bodies through which a flow path of the fluid leads. A thin-film resistor is applied on the outer surface of at least one of the tube bodies with an interface made of a thermal interface material located between the thick-film resistor and the next neighboring tube body.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating a fluid that exhibits simplified manufacturing, a reduced construction size, and/or an increased heating efficiency. The heat exchanger has at least two distanced tube bodies through which a flow path of the fluid leads. A thin-film resistor is applied on the outer surface of at least one of the tube bodies with an interface made of a thermal interface material located between the thick-film resistor and the next neighboring tube body.

Abstract: A heating module includes at least one cold conductor element and at least one electrical heating element that is different from the at least one cold conductor element. The at least one cold conductor element and the at least one heating element are electrically connectable in parallel. The at least one cold conductor element and the at least one heating element are connected with one another thermally in a heat-transferring manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating module (14) with at least one PTC thermistor element (2) and at least one heating element (15), which is different from a PTC thermistor element (2), wherein the heating element (15) and the PTC thermistor element (2) are connected electrically in series. A simplified and cost-effective production and/or operation of the heating module (14) materialise in that the heating element (15) is thermally connected to the PTC thermistor element (2) in a heat-transferring manner and an electric current density through the PTC thermistor element (2) is lower than the electric current density through the heating element (15). The invention, furthermore, relates to a heating device (31) having at least one such heating module (14).