Abstract: There is provided a method of producing at least one rhamnolipid comprising: (a) contacting a recombinant cell with a medium containing a carbon source; wherein the recombinant cell has been genetically modified such that, compared to the wild-type of the cell, the cell has an increased activity of at least one of the enzymes E1, E2 and E3, wherein the enzyme E1 is an ?/? hydrolase (RHIA), the enzyme E2 is a rhamnosyltransferase I (RHIB) and the enzyme E3 is a rhamnosyltransferase II (RHIC), and wherein the carbon source is an alkane and/or alkanoic acid comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, comprising the process steps of IA) preparation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid by a process comprising the process step of bringing a cell which has been genetically modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid in comparison with its wild type, into contact with a nutrient medium comprising, as carbon source, carbohydrates, glycerol, carbon dioxide, methanol, L-valine or L-glutamate under conditions under which 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid are formed from the carbon source, if appropriate, isolation of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid from the nutrient medium and also, if appropriate, neutralization of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, IB) dehydration of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid with formation of methacrylic acid and also, where

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system composed of: a) a support material selected from at least one of the following materials: silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and mixed oxides thereof, carbon nanotubes; b) an ionic liquid; c) a catalytically active composition comprising nickel; d) an activator selected from the group of Lewis acids with alkylating properties. Additionally provided is the use of the catalyst systems of the invention in the oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: Escherichia. coli mutants which can be used for the synthesis of D-amino acids, and to such a process. The mutants are distinguished by deficiencies in particular enzymes which break down D-amino acids and include those which produce D-amino acids via the carbamoylase/hydantoinase route.

Abstract: Esters having at least one sulphone group on the acid chain, processes for preparation thereof and use of the ester as a plasticizer for polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell which has been modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more, by comparison with its wild, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid via methylmalonate-semialdehyde or 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as precursors. The invention also relates to a method of generating a genetically modified cell, to the genetically modified cell obtainable by these methods, to a method of producing 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, to a method of producing methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, and to a method of producing polymethacrylic acid or polymethacrylic esters. The present invention furthermore relates to an isolated DNA, to a vector, to the use of this vector for transforming a cell, to a transformed cell, and to a polypeptide.

Abstract: A film containing an interpolymer of ethylene and a 3-substituted C4-10 alkene is prepared using a catalyst system comprising a Ziegler Natta or chromium oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A film containing an interpolymer of ethylene and a 3-substituted C4-10 alkene is prepared using a catalyst system comprising a Ziegler Natta or chromium oxide catalyst.

Abstract: An alkene interpolymer is prepared by polymerizing at least one 3-substituted C4-10 alkene and at least one C2-8 alkene in a gas phase polymerization using a Ziegler Natta polymerization catalyst system.

Abstract: An alkene interpolymer is prepared by polymerizing at least one 3-substituted C4-10 alkene and at least one C2-8 alkene in a gas phase polymerization using a polymerization catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of citric esters of the formula I, in which each of R1, R2 and R3 is an aliphatic C5 or C9 moiety, wherein the average chain length of the aliphatic moieties in the mixture is in the range from greater than 5 to 7, and the average degree of branching of the aliphatic C9 moieties is in the range from 0.9 to 2.2. The present invention also relates to the use of the citric ester mixture as a plasticizer in plastics compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system composed of: a) a support material selected from at least one of the following materials: silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and mixed oxides thereof, carbon nanotubes; b) an ionic liquid; c) a catalytically active composition comprising nickel; d) an activator selected from the group of Lewis acids with alkylating properties. Additionally provided is the use of the catalyst systems of the invention in the oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: An alkene interpolymer is prepared by polymerizing at least one 3-substituted C4-10 alkene and at least one C2-8 alkene in a slurry polymerization using a particulate catalyst system containing a single site catalyst.

Abstract: An alkene interpolymer is prepared by polymerizing at least one 3-substituted C4-10 alkene and at least one C2-8 alkene in a gas phase polymerization using a polymerization catalyst system.

Abstract: A film containing an interpolymer of ethylene and a 3-substituted C4-10 alkene is prepared using a catalyst system comprising a Ziegler Natta or chromium oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A film, comprising: an interpolymer of ethylene; and a 3-substituted C4-10 alkene, wherein said interpolymer is prepared using a catalyst system comprising a single site catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of citric esters of the formula I, in which each of R1, R2 and R3 is an aliphatic C5 or C9 moiety, characterized in that the average chain length of the aliphatic moieties in the mixture is in the range from greater than 5 to 7, and the average degree of branching of the aliphatic C9 moieties is in the range from 0.9 to 2.2. The present invention also relates to the use of the citric ester mixture according to the invention as plasticizer in plastics compositions. The present invention also relates to a composition comprising the citric ester mixture according to the invention in a mixture with further components, comprising plasticizers from the group of the alkyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids, of the cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acids, of benzoic acid or of adipic acid, and also to the use of this type of plasticizer composition in plastics compositions, in adhesives, in sealing compounds, in coatings, in paints, in plastisols or in inks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, comprising the process steps of IA) preparation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid by a process comprising the process step of bringing a cell which has been genetically modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid in comparison with its wild type, into contact with a nutrient medium comprising, as carbon source, carbohydrates, glycerol, carbon dioxide, methanol, L-valine or L-glutamate under conditions under which 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid are formed from the carbon source, if appropriate, isolation of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid from the nutrient medium and also, if appropriate, neutralization of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, IB) dehydration of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid with formation of methacrylic acid and also, where

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell which is genetically modified in relation to its wild type and which exhibits at least one of the properties a) or b): a) an increased activity by comparison with its wild type of an enzyme E1 which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into oxaloacetate, or of an enzyme E1b which catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate into oxaloacetate, b) an increased activity by comparison with its wild type of an enzyme E2 which catalyzes the conversion of aspartate into beta-alanine, where, besides properties a) or b), the cell is characterized by at least one of the properties c) or d) c) the genetically modified cell is able to export beta-alanine out of the cell, d) the genetically modified cell is able to convert beta-alanine into 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific Escherichia. coli mutants which can be used for the synthesis of D-amino acids, and to such a process. The mutants are distinguished by deficiencies in particular enzymes which break down D-amino acids and include those which produce D-amino acids via the carbamoylase/hydantoinase route.