Abstract: A device for discharging fuel vapor from a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine has a container which is situated in the fuel supply system and contains liquid fuel under an upwardly limited pressure. A discharge line, which leads to a tank venting system, leads out of the container. The device also has a detector for detecting vaporous fuel in the container and a blocking device which is coupled to the detector and with which the discharge line can be opened or blocked depending on the detection.

Abstract: A device for discharging fuel vapor from a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine has a container which is situated in the fuel supply system and contains liquid fuel under an upwardly limited pressure. A discharge line, which leads to a tank venting system, leads out of the container. The device also has a detector for detecting vaporous fuel in the container and a blocking device which is coupled to the detector and with which the discharge line can be opened or blocked depending on the detection.

Abstract: A control device is provided for a cooling liquid injection system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The cooling liquid injection system includes at least two activatable injectors for introducing a cooling liquid into the internal combustion engine, which injectors can be controlled by the control device. The injectors can be supplied with cooling liquid by way of a common rail, and the control device is designed to receive an inclination variable, which characterizes an inclination of the rail, to determine an activation response for the injectors in dependence on the inclination variable, and to activate the injectors using the determined activation response in order to empty or fill the rail.

Abstract: A control device is provided for a cooling liquid injection system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The cooling liquid injection system includes at least two activatable injectors for introducing a cooling liquid into the internal combustion engine, which injectors can be controlled by the control device. The injectors can be supplied with cooling liquid by way of a common rail, and the control device is designed to receive an inclination variable, which characterizes an inclination of the rail, to determine an activation response for the injectors in dependence on the inclination variable, and to activate the injectors using the determined activation response in order to empty or fill the rail.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine with a fuel tank and a low-pressure pump which pumps gasoline out of the fuel tank at a low-pressure to a high-pressure pump that pumps the gasoline at a high-pressure to injectors of the internal combustion engine. An electronic controller is provided for controlling and/or regulating the low-pressure pump, the high-pressure pump, and the injectors. After a start pulse for the internal combustion engine, the method: checks whether a formation of vapor bubbles in the gasoline is possible on the low-pressure side during a hot start. If not possible, then the normal low-pressure is set. If possible, then a low pressure which is high enough that the formation of vapor bubbles is not possible on the low-pressure side is set, and the normal low-pressure is set after a period of time. The problem of vapor bubble formation is prevented in an inexpensive or cost neutral manner via the method.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine with a fuel tank and a low-pressure pump which pumps gasoline out of the fuel tank at a low-pressure to a high-pressure pump that pumps the gasoline at a high-pressure to injectors of the internal combustion engine. An electronic controller is provided for controlling and/or regulating the low-pressure pump, the high-pressure pump, and the injectors. After a start pulse for the internal combustion engine, the method: checks whether a formation of vapor bubbles in the gasoline is possible on the low-pressure side during a hot start. If not possible, then the normal low-pressure is set. If possible, then a low pressure which is high enough that the formation of vapor bubbles is not possible on the low-pressure side is set, and the normal low-pressure is set after a period of time. The problem of vapor bubble formation is prevented in an inexpensive or cost neutral manner via the method.

Abstract: A slit nozzle for dispensing liquid onto a surface of a wafer, comprises a nozzle body having a discharge opening whose length is from 10-100 mm and whose width is from 0.5-5 mm. The nozzle body has a dispensing chamber positioned upstream of the discharge opening and extending to the discharge opening, and a liquid distribution chamber positioned upstream of the dispensing chamber. The dispensing chamber and the liquid distribution chamber are in fluid communication with one another and are separated by a reduction section of the nozzle body whose cross-sectional area is at least 20% less than a cross-sectional area of each of the discharge opening and the liquid distribution chamber.

Abstract: A slit nozzle for dispensing liquid onto a surface of a wafer, comprises a nozzle body having a discharge opening whose length is from 10-100 mm and whose width is from 0.5-5 mm. The nozzle body has a dispensing chamber positioned upstream of the discharge opening and extending to the discharge opening, and a liquid distribution chamber positioned upstream of the dispensing chamber. The dispensing chamber and the liquid distribution chamber are in fluid communication with one another and are separated by a reduction section of the nozzle body whose cross-sectional area is at least 20% less than a cross-sectional area of each of the discharge opening and the liquid distribution chamber.

Abstract: A liquid composition for wet etching has improved selectivity for polysilicon over silicon dioxide, even when the polysilicon is heavily doped and/or the silicon dioxide is a low temperature oxide. The composition comprises 0.05-0.4 percent by weight hydrofluoric acid, 15-40 percent by weight nitric acid, 55-85 percent by weight sulfuric acid and 2-20 percent by weight water. A method and apparatus for wet etching using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid composition for wet etching has improved selectivity for polysilicon over silicon dioxide, even when the polysilicon is heavily doped and/or the silicon dioxide is a low temperature oxide. The composition comprises 0.05-0.4 percent by weight hydrofluoric acid, 15-40 percent by weight nitric acid, 55-85 percent by weight sulfuric acid and 2-20 percent by weight water. A method and apparatus for wet etching using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to increase the long-term stability of the exhaust catalyst of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas is purified with respect to volatile phosphorus compounds before entering the catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust system of a multi-cylinder internal-combustion engine has at least one system part in which the internal-combustion engine exhaust gases or portions thereof are first guided through at least two partial pipe trains apportioned to cylinder groups, in which partial pipe trains, one starting catalyst respectively is inserted and which combine to form a joint main pipe in which a main catalyst is inserted, at least one lambda probe being arranged in front of and one lambda probe being arranged behind the catalysts. In front of each starting catalyst, a lambda probe is arranged and an additional lambda probe is arranged in at least one partial pipe train behind the starting catalyst.