Abstract: In a method for operation of a device in a radio access network of a radio communication system, the device is arranged between a first network element and a second network element of a radio access network, receives at a first point in time from the first network element a first heartbeat and sends to the first network element at a second point in time a first acknowledgement signal as a response to the first heartbeat, with the first acknowledgement signal signaling to the first network element that a connection exists between the first network element and the second network element. At a third point in time the device sends a second heartbeat to the second network element, with the second network element, on receiving the second heartbeat sending as a response a second acknowledgement signal to the device in order to signal to the device the existence of a connection between the device and the second network element.

Abstract: A device receives from a base station speech data encoded with a first speech codec, transcodes the speech data into a second speech codec and transmits the speech data encoded with the second speech codec toward a base station controller used for controlling the transmission of the speech data.

Abstract: An insert for insertion into a pressurized container for liquids has a component chamber for receiving an active substance and a pressure chamber for introducing the active substance into the liquid when opening the container for liquids. The pressure chamber has at least one small outer bore. The insert is freely movable in the container for liquids but has such a stable floating position on a surface of the liquid within the container for the liquids that the outer bore always points upwardly and optimizes a pressure compensation with the environment. After opening the container for liquids, the resulting relative overpressure in the pressure chamber in relation to the released pressure in the container for liquids effects an opening of the component chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronizing components of a distributed system. The system status is represented by at least one object which is provided in all components. A change of the status of the object in one of the components is signalled to all other components by means of a status change message. The local validity of the signalled status change is checked by each of the other components, with the locally valid status change of the status of the objects in these components is updated and, with for locally invalid status change a component with valid status of the object is determined, which is sent to at least with invalid status of the object, at which point the status of the object is updated in these components. The invention further relates to a distributed system of which the components are embodied to execute the method.