Abstract: An arrangement for driving a locomotive has various energy-provision systems. The locomotive contains a main energy-provision system as the main system and a drive system. Energy provided by the main system is supplied to the drive system as drive power and is used by the drive system for moving the locomotive. A railroad car carries at least one additional energy-provision system as an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system is used in a manner which is temporally offset from the main system in order to supply drive power to the drive system. Components which can be used by both the main system and the at least one auxiliary system are implemented only once and are used jointly by both the main system and the auxiliary system. Components which are used exclusively by the auxiliary system are arranged on the railroad car.

Abstract: An arrangement for driving a locomotive has various energy-provision systems. The locomotive contains a main energy-provision system as the main system and a drive system. Energy provided by the main system is supplied to the drive system as drive power and is used by the drive system for moving the locomotive. A railroad car carries at least one additional energy-provision system as an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system is used in a manner which is temporally offset from the main system in order to supply drive power to the drive system. Components which can be used by both the main system and the at least one auxiliary system are implemented only once and are used jointly by both the main system and the auxiliary system. Components which are used exclusively by the auxiliary system are arranged on the railroad car.

Abstract: A holding apparatus, which is adapted for electrostatically holding a component, in particular a wafer, comprises an electrically insulating base body, which comprises a first pair of base body plates, which are connected to one another in a planar manner via a joint connection, and an electrode device with at least one electrode layer, which is arranged to generate an electrostatic holding force and extends parallel to the extension of the base body plates along the joining connection, wherein the joining connection comprises a diffusion bond connection, wherein the at least one electrode layer is connected in a planar manner to the respectively adjacent base body plate, and the at least one electrode layer has a contact section, which is arranged for electrically contacting the at least one electrode layer. Methods for manufacturing the holding apparatus are also described.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing holding plate (11) including ceramic material of several chemical elements and configured for holding apparatus (10) for holding a component by electrostatic forces or vacuum, includes the steps of material removal from holding plate (11) by laser ablation, wherein by laser irradiation (1) protrusions (13) are formed on holding plate (11), end faces (13.1) of which span a carrier surface for the component, and surface modification of holding plate (11) by laser irradiation (1), wherein irradiation parameters of laser irradiation (1) are set such that at least one of the chemical elements of the ceramic material is enriched on the surface of holding plate (11). A method is also described of manufacturing holding apparatus (10) for holding a component by electrostatic forces or vacuum, holding plate (11) which is produced with the inventive method, and holding apparatus (10) with at least one holding plate (11).

Abstract: A holding apparatus, which is adapted for electrostatically holding a component, in particular a wafer, comprises an electrically insulating base body, which comprises a first pair of base body plates, which are connected to one another in a planar manner via a joint connection, and an electrode device with at least one electrode layer, which is arranged to generate an electrostatic holding force and extends parallel to the extension of the base body plates along the joining connection, wherein the joining connection comprises a diffusion bond connection, wherein the at least one electrode layer is connected in a planar manner to the respectively adjacent base body plate, and the at least one electrode layer has a contact section, which is arranged for electrically contacting the at least one electrode layer. Methods for manufacturing the holding apparatus are also described.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing holding plate (11) including ceramic material of several chemical elements and configured for holding apparatus (10) for holding a component by electrostatic forces or vacuum, includes the steps of material removal from holding plate (11) by laser ablation, wherein by laser irradiation (1) protrusions (13) are formed on holding plate (11), end faces (13.1) of which span a carrier surface for the component, and surface modification of holding plate (11) by laser irradiation (1), wherein irradiation parameters of laser irradiation (1) are set such that at least one of the chemical elements of the ceramic material is enriched on the surface of holding plate (11). A method is also described of manufacturing holding apparatus (10) for holding a component by electrostatic forces or vacuum, holding plate (11) which is produced with the inventive method, and holding apparatus (10) with at least one holding plate (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium silicate glass ceramic comprising CsO2 in an amount from about 6 to about 30 wt.-%. The invention also relates to a three-dimensional article comprising at least two layers (I) and (II), each layer (I) and (II) comprising a lithium silicate glass ceramic, the lithium silicate glass ceramics of layer (I) having a different translucency than the lithium silicate glass ceramic of layer (II).

Abstract: The invention includes a support frame for producing a dental workpiece. The frame has a Z axis and comprising wall sections defining a hole that extends along the Z axis through the frame. At least one of the wall sections comprises an adhesive-directing surface extending along the Z axis in a non-parallel relationship. Such a configuration provides optimized methods for affixing a blank to the support frame and optimized properties of the blank after fixation to the support frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium silicate glass ceramic comprising CsO2 in an amount from about 6 to about 30 wt.-%. The invention also relates to a three-dimensional article comprising at least two layers (I) and (II), each layer (I) and (II) comprising a lithium silicate glass ceramic, the lithium silicate glass ceramics of layer (I) having a different translucency than the lithium silicate glass ceramic of layer (II).

Abstract: A sintering support comprising a fully stabilized zirconia outer surface; wherein the sintering support withstands sintering a ceramic part in contact with the outer surface without adhesion between the outer surface and the ceramic part, and methods of making and using the sintering support are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the automated production of dental workpieces. A blank is inserted in a substantially slab-shaped support of the device, said support being dimensioned such that the blank does not extend beyond it in any direction. The blank is linked with corresponding inner walls of a recess provided in the support only on two opposite faces while a gap is left between the other inner walls of the recess and the corresponding faces of the blank. The inventive design allows to avoid tensions and microcracks of the blank material thereby caused. The gaps further make the blank directly accessible for a lateral working by the milling tool.

Abstract: A sintering support comprising a fully stabilized zirconia outer surface; wherein the sintering support withstands sintering a ceramic part in contact with the outer surface without adhesion between the outer surface and the ceramic part, and methods of making and using the sintering support are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a dental blank which combines uniaxial pressing isostatic pressing techniques. The invention also includes a press for performing the method and a system comprising a uniaxial and a isostatic press. The invention may help in efficient manufacturing of dental blanks at minimized costs and maximized quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to the processing of data regarding the three dimensional shape of a dental prosthesis, having two prosthesis sections and a connector section, wherein the connector section is connected to the two prosthesis sections and is less stable than the two prosthesis sections. The method includes the steps of (a) determining a stability parameter and a stability criterion for the connector section, (b) calculating the actual value for the stability parameter from the data, (c) checking the connector section to determine whether the actual value fulfills the stability criterion, and if not, generating a warning signal is to the user.

Abstract: The invention includes a support frame for producing a dental workpiece. The frame has a Z axis and comprising wall sections defining a hole that extends along the Z axis through the frame. At least one of the wall sections comprises an adhesive-directing surface extending along the Z axis in a non-parallel relationship. Such a configuration provides optimized methods for affixing a blank to the support frame and optimized properties of the blank after fixation to the support frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to the processing of data regarding the three dimensional shape of a dental prosthesis, having two prosthesis sections and a connector section, wherein the connector section is connected to the two prosthesis sections and is less stable than the two prosthesis sections. The method includes the steps of (a) determining a stability parameter and a stability criterion for the connector section, (b) calculating the actual value for the stability parameter from the data, (c) checking the connector section to determine whether the actual value fulfills the stability criterion, and if not, generating a warning signal is to the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass filler material with an average particle size of 0.1-20 ?m. It further relates to a method for producing a glass filler material. The glass filler material comprises 65-99.95 mol % silicon dioxide (SiO2), 0-15 mol % aluminum and/or boron oxide (Al2O3, B2O3), 0-30 mol % zirconium and/or titanium and/or hafnium oxide (ZrO2, TIO2, HfO2), Y2O3 and/or Sc2O3 and/or La2O3 and/or CeO2 and/or other lanthanide oxides, 0.05-4 mol % alkali metal oxides (Na2O, Li2O, K2O, Rb2O, Cs2O), 0-25 mol % earth alkali metal oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO). The glass filler material shows a low concentration of alkali ions and is used for composites with cationically curing properties and for dental composites and dental restoration materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of ions of weakly basic oxides as linking ions for polyacids in cements, preferably polyelectrolyte cements. Suitable ions comprise elements of the scandium series, for example, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, Ce4+ and all subsequent tri- and tetra-valent lanthanides and the ions Mg2+, Zn2+, Ga2+, In2+. The application of said ions permits a regulation of the cement reaction without surface treatment of the glass powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymerizable dental material containing: (a) 3 to 80 wt. % of one or more cationically curable monomers; (b) 3 to 90 wt. % of one or more radio-opaque fillers; (c) 0.01 to 25 wt. % of initiators, retarders and/or accelerators, and; (d) 0 to 25 wt. % of auxiliary agents, whereby the cited percentages each refer to the total weight of the material. Filler (b) is produced by means of a melting method and is selected so that it has a refractive index of nD=1.49–1.54, so that the viscosity of the polymerizable dental material, after a period of at least 9 months during which it was stored at a temperature ranging from 20 to 25° C., has a value of +/?50 % of the initial value measured 24 hours after the polymerizable dental material was produced, and so that the polymerizable dental material has a reactivity of the type that, once polymerization is initiated, the amount of the maximum heat flux generated by the dental material equals at least 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymerizable dental material containing: (a) 3 to 80 wt. % of one or more cationically curable monomers; (b) 3 to 90 wt. % of one or more radio-opaque fillers; (c) 0.01 to 25 wt. % of initiators, retarders and/or accelerators, and; (d) 0 to 25 wt. % of auxiliary agents, whereby the cited percentages each refer to the total weight of the material. Filler (b) is produced by means of a melting method and is selected so that it has a refractive index of nD=1.49 1.54, so that the viscosity of the polymerizable dental material, after a period of at least 9 months during which it was stored at a temperature ranging from 20 to 25° C., has a value of +/−50% of the initial value measured 24 hours after the polymerizable dental material was produced, and so that the polymerizable dental material has a reactivity of the type that, once polymerization is initiated, the amount of the maximum heat flux generated by the dental material equals at least 0.