Abstract: Improved nucleic acid nanostructures provide a platform for stable and effective intra-cellular delivery of nucleic acids, suitably coding nucleic acids such as mRNA or ssDNA. A nucleic acid nanostructure is provided that comprises a first single stranded nucleic acid sequence that defines a scaffold sequence, wherein the scaffold sequence comprises at least one open reading frame that encodes a first gene product; and a plurality of single stranded nucleic acid sequences that define a plurality of staple sequences, wherein the plurality of staple sequences are capable of hybridising with one or more regions of the scaffold sequence in order to induce the formation of a geometrically defined higher order structure. The nanostructure may further comprise at least one membrane binding moiety, wherein the membrane binding moiety is configured to associate with a cell membrane.

Abstract: A membrane-spanning nanopore is provided that comprises: i. at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand; ii. a plurality of staple polynucleotide strands; and iii. at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand, wherein the at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand comprises a polynucleotide strand and a hydrophobic moiety; wherein each of the plurality of staple polynucleotide strands hybridises to the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand to form the three-dimensional structure of the membrane-spanning nanopore, and wherein the at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand hybridises to a portion of the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand, the membrane-spanning nanopore defining a central channel with a minimum internal width of at least about 5 nm.

Abstract: A membrane-spanning nanopore is provided that comprises: i. at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand; ii. a plurality of staple polynucleotide strands; and iii. at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand, wherein the at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand comprises a polynucleotide strand and a hydrophobic moiety; wherein each of the plurality of staple polynucleotide strands hybridises to the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand to form the three-dimensional structure of the membrane-spanning nanopore, and wherein the at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand hybridises to a portion of the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand, the membrane-spanning nanopore defining a central channel with a minimum internal width of at least about 5 nm. Membranes comprising the membrane-spanning nanopore and applications of those membranes are also provided.

Abstract: A membrane-spanning nanopore is provided, the nanopore comprising: a. one or more polynucleotide strands that provide a scaffold coma) ponent; and b. a plurality of polynucleotide strands that provide a plurality of staple components; wherein each of the plurality of staple components hybridise to the scaffold component; wherein the orientation of a major portion 7 nm of at least one polynucleotide strand comprised within the scaffold component is substantially parallel to a planar surface of a membrane as well as embedded within and substantially coplanar with the membrane; wherein the nanopore defines a channel that is suitable for perforating the membrane; the channel b) having a longitudinal axis extending along the centre thereof and a minimum internal dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of at least about 3 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of CsgG. The invention also related to analyte detection and characterisation using CsgG.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of CsgG. The invention also related to analyte detection and characterisation using CsgG.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of CsgG. The invention also related to analyte detection and characterisation using CsgG.

Abstract: A membrane-spanning nanopore is provided that comprises: i. at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand; ii. a plurality of staple polynucleotide strands; and iii. at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand, wherein the at least one hydropho-bically-modified polynucleotide strand comprises a polynucleotide strand and a hydrophobic moiety; wherein each of the plurality of staple polynucleotide strands hybridises to the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand to form the three-dimensional structure of the membrane-spanning nanopore, and wherein the at least one hydrophobically-modified polynucleotide strand hybridises to a portion of the at least one scaffold polynucleotide strand, the membrane-spanning nanopore defining a central channel with a minimum internal width of at least about 5 nm. Membranes comprising the membrane-spanning nanopore and applications of those membranes are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of the outer membrane-located lipoprotein CsgG, in particular, modifications at one or more of positions Tyr51; Asn55; and Phe56. The invention also relates to analyte detection and characterisation using said mutant CsgG.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of CsgG. The invention also relates to analyte detection and characterisation using CsgG.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant forms of the outer membrane located lipoprotein CsgG, in particular, modifications at one or more of positions Tyr51; Asn55; and Phe56. The invention also relates to analyte detection and characterisation using said mutant CsgG.

Abstract: The invention relates to assemblies for bonding molecules comprising bondable functional groups, which are present on a solid supporting material as individual molecular functional groups or multiple identical functional groups. Said assemblies are characterised in that the density of the individual functional groups or multiple functional groups on the solid supporting material is between 104 and 1010 individual or multiple functional groups per cm2 and that there are no additional bondable functional groups within a selected distance d from any individual bondable functional group or multiple functional group for at least 95% and in particular at least 99% of the individual or multiple functional groups.

Abstract: Provided are pore-subunit polypeptides covalently linked to one or more sensing moieties, and uses of these modified polypeptides to detect and/or measure analytes or physical characteristics within a given sample.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the recombinant production of S-layer proteins in gram-negative host cells. Furthermore the nucleotide sequence of a new S-layer gene and processes for the production of modified S-layer proteins are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the recombinant production of S-layer proteins in gram-negative host cells. Furthermore the nucleotide sequence of a new S-layer gene and processes for the production of modified S-layer proteins are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the recombinant production of S-layer proteins in gram-negative host cells. Furthermore the nucleotide sequence of a new S-layer gene and processes for the production of modified S-layer proteins are disclosed.