Abstract: An electrolytic cell may include a cathode half-cell having a cathode, an anode half-cell having an anode, and a separator that separates the two half-cells from one another and that is permeable to electrolyte present in the half-cells during operation. At least one inlet for electrolyte is provided in a first half-cell of the two half-cells, and at least one outlet for electrolyte and no inlet for electrolyte are provided in the second half-cell such that electrolyte supplied via the at least one inlet is dischargeable via the at least one outlet after passing through the separator. A method can also be utilized to operate such an electrolytic cell. And an electrolyzer may include multiple of such electrolytic cells.

Abstract: A pressure control system for pressure control of at least two pressurized fluid systems comprises a duct for each fluid system having an inlet connectable to the respective fluid system and an outlet, a pressure control valve arranged within each of the ducts to control the fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet of the duct, wherein the pressure control valves are pilot-operated pressure relief valves having an inlet port for a pilot gas to affect a cracking pressure of the pressure control valves, wherein the pressure control system further comprises a common pilot gas buffer system, which is connected to each of the inlet ports of the pressure control valves for a simultaneous pressure control of the fluid systems.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell comprises two elements, each comprising a central portion defining an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, respectively, and a circumferential flange portion, a sheet-like separator with a circumferential edge, the separator being disposed between the two elements and separating the anode and cathode chambers, and a sealing arrangement comprising at least a first and a second gasket, wherein the sealing arrangement is disposed in a gap between the flange portions, wherein the first gasket is an inner gasket positioned in a portion of the gap adjacent to the chambers and the second gasket is an outer gasket positioned in a portion of the gap distant to the chambers, wherein the gaskets are spaced apart from each other in the gap at an interval, and wherein the circumferential edge of the separator is located radially between a midpoint of the first gasket and a midpoint of the second gasket.

Abstract: An electrolyzer including an electrolysis stack containing a plurality of panel-like electrolysis cells in a side-by-side arrangement and being electrically interconnected in series, wherein each electrolysis cell comprises an anode chamber with an anode arranged therein and a cathode chamber with a cathode arranged therein, wherein the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated from one another by a sheet-like separator. The electrolyzer having means for mechanically securing the electrical interconnection of the electrolysis stack. The stack contains at least two multi-cell elements, each including a plurality of the electrolysis cells and mechanical compression means, wherein the electrolysis cells of each multi-cell element are held together in a sealed manner by the mechanical compression means and wherein the means are configured to mechanically secure the electrical interconnection of the multi-cell elements.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell may include a cathode half-cell having a cathode, an anode half-cell having an anode, and a separator that separates the two half-cells from one another and that is permeable to electrolyte present in the half-cells during operation. At least one inlet for electrolyte is provided in a first half-cell of the two half-cells, and at least one outlet for electrolyte and no inlet for electrolyte are provided in the second half-cell such that electrolyte supplied via the at least one inlet is dischargeable via the at least one outlet after passing through the separator. A method can also be utilized to operate such an electrolytic cell. And an electrolyzer may include multiple of such electrolytic cells.

Abstract: Methods for providing at least one product stream, in particular hydrogen, by electrolysis by means of an electrolyzer having a multiplicity of electrolysis cells combined to form at least one framework; wherein electrolyte is discharged from the cells and separated into two phases. The electrolyte is collected upstream of a pump system. At least the functions of discharge and collection are carried out integrally together in a multifunctional collection container or in an integral method step, in particular by means of at least one multifunctional collection container with a regulatable filling level coupled to the cells. This extends the functionality and also provides an advantageous design construction. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding electrolysis device and to a corresponding multifunctional collection container.

Abstract: Methods for providing at least one product stream, in particular hydrogen, by electrolysis by means of an electrolyzer having a multiplicity of electrolysis cells combined to form at least one framework; wherein electrolyte is discharged from the cells and separated into two phases. The electrolyte is collected upstream of a pump system. At least the functions of discharge and collection are carried out integrally together in a multifunctional collection container or in an integral method step, in particular by means of at least one multifunctional collection container with a regulatable filling level coupled to the cells. This extends the functionality and also provides an advantageous design construction. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding electrolysis device and to a corresponding multifunctional collection container.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-contact ion-selective electrode having a high potential stability and potential reproducibility. The ion-selective electrode includes an ion sensitive film having a Group-1 element ion, a Group-2 element ion, a hydronium ion or an ammonium ion as a target ion, an ion occluding material layer, and a conductive electrode, wherein the ion occluding material contained in the ion occludes material layer occluding the target ion, the ion occluding material being a Prussian blue analog represented by the structure formula AaMx[M?(CN)6]y?z.kH2O. Herein, A is one type or a plurality of types of Group-1 elements, Group-2 elements, hydronium, or ammonium; M and M? are one type or a plurality of types of transition metals; M or M? includes at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, and cadmium; ? is a vacancy in a porous coordination polymer; x and y are greater than zero; and a, z, and k are numbers equal to or greater than zero.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-contact ion-selective electrode having a high potential stability and potential reproducibility. The ion-selective electrode includes an ion sensitive film having a Group-1 element ion, a Group-2 element ion, a hydronium ion or an ammonium ion as a target ion, an ion occluding material layer, and a conductive electrode, wherein the ion occluding material contained in the ion occludes material layer occluding the target ion, the ion occluding material being a Prussian blue analog represented by the structure formula AaMx[M?(CN)6]y?z.kH20. Herein, A is one type or a plurality of types of Group-1 elements, Group-2 elements, hydronium, or ammonium; M and M? are one type or a plurality of types of transition metals; M or M? includes at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, and cadmium; ? is a vacancy in a porous coordination polymer; x and y are greater than zero; and a, z, and k are numbers equal to or greater than zero.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for performing document analysis. The apparatus of the present invention comprises logic configured to recognize and label structures in a document that are both common to multiple types of documents and that are unique to the particular type of document being analyzed. The logic preferably is a computer that receives the output of an optical character recognition (OCR) system and then analyzes the output in accordance with a document structure analysis routine. For structures that are common to multiple types of documents, various types of tests may be performed by the document structure analysis routine to recognize and label the common types of structures. In order to recongize structures that are unique to the particular type of document being analyzed, the document structure analysis routine utilizes a rule base that is adapted to the particular application domain associated with the document.