Abstract: An electrolytic cell may include a cathode half-cell having a cathode, an anode half-cell having an anode, and a separator that separates the two half-cells from one another and that is permeable to electrolyte present in the half-cells during operation. At least one inlet for electrolyte is provided in a first half-cell of the two half-cells, and at least one outlet for electrolyte and no inlet for electrolyte are provided in the second half-cell such that electrolyte supplied via the at least one inlet is dischargeable via the at least one outlet after passing through the separator. A method can also be utilized to operate such an electrolytic cell. And an electrolyzer may include multiple of such electrolytic cells.

Abstract: Methods for providing at least one product stream, in particular hydrogen, by electrolysis by means of an electrolyzer having a multiplicity of electrolysis cells combined to form at least one framework; wherein electrolyte is discharged from the cells and separated into two phases. The electrolyte is collected upstream of a pump system. At least the functions of discharge and collection are carried out integrally together in a multifunctional collection container or in an integral method step, in particular by means of at least one multifunctional collection container with a regulatable filling level coupled to the cells. This extends the functionality and also provides an advantageous design construction. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding electrolysis device and to a corresponding multifunctional collection container.

Abstract: Methods for providing at least one product stream, in particular hydrogen, by electrolysis by means of an electrolyzer having a multiplicity of electrolysis cells combined to form at least one framework; wherein electrolyte is discharged from the cells and separated into two phases. The electrolyte is collected upstream of a pump system. At least the functions of discharge and collection are carried out integrally together in a multifunctional collection container or in an integral method step, in particular by means of at least one multifunctional collection container with a regulatable filling level coupled to the cells. This extends the functionality and also provides an advantageous design construction. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding electrolysis device and to a corresponding multifunctional collection container.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-contact ion-selective electrode having a high potential stability and potential reproducibility. The ion-selective electrode includes an ion sensitive film having a Group-1 element ion, a Group-2 element ion, a hydronium ion or an ammonium ion as a target ion, an ion occluding material layer, and a conductive electrode, wherein the ion occluding material contained in the ion occludes material layer occluding the target ion, the ion occluding material being a Prussian blue analog represented by the structure formula AaMx[M?(CN)6]y?z.kH2O. Herein, A is one type or a plurality of types of Group-1 elements, Group-2 elements, hydronium, or ammonium; M and M? are one type or a plurality of types of transition metals; M or M? includes at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, and cadmium; ? is a vacancy in a porous coordination polymer; x and y are greater than zero; and a, z, and k are numbers equal to or greater than zero.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-contact ion-selective electrode having a high potential stability and potential reproducibility. The ion-selective electrode includes an ion sensitive film having a Group-1 element ion, a Group-2 element ion, a hydronium ion or an ammonium ion as a target ion, an ion occluding material layer, and a conductive electrode, wherein the ion occluding material contained in the ion occludes material layer occluding the target ion, the ion occluding material being a Prussian blue analog represented by the structure formula AaMx[M?(CN)6]y?z.kH20. Herein, A is one type or a plurality of types of Group-1 elements, Group-2 elements, hydronium, or ammonium; M and M? are one type or a plurality of types of transition metals; M or M? includes at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, and cadmium; ? is a vacancy in a porous coordination polymer; x and y are greater than zero; and a, z, and k are numbers equal to or greater than zero.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for performing document analysis. The apparatus of the present invention comprises logic configured to recognize and label structures in a document that are both common to multiple types of documents and that are unique to the particular type of document being analyzed. The logic preferably is a computer that receives the output of an optical character recognition (OCR) system and then analyzes the output in accordance with a document structure analysis routine. For structures that are common to multiple types of documents, various types of tests may be performed by the document structure analysis routine to recognize and label the common types of structures. In order to recongize structures that are unique to the particular type of document being analyzed, the document structure analysis routine utilizes a rule base that is adapted to the particular application domain associated with the document.