Abstract: A process for producing a water-absorbing polymer composition, comprising the process steps of (i) mixing (?1) 0.1 to 99.999% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups or salts thereof (?2) 0 to 70% by weight of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with (?1), (?3) 0.001 to 10% by weight of one or more crosslinkers, (?4) 0 to 30% by weight of water-soluble polymers, and (?5) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more assistants, where the sum of their weights (?1) to (?5) is 100% by weight, (ii) free-radical polymerization with crosslinking to form a water-insoluble aqueous untreated hydrogel polymer, and surface postcrosslinking the ground hydrogel polymer wherein blowing agents having a particle size of 100 ?m to 900 ?m are added to the aqueous monomer solution prior to the addition of the initiator and the start of the free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing equilibrium peracetic acid by reacting acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction mixture in the presence of methanesulphonic acid as catalyst, and also to the equilibrium peracetic acid obtainable by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing equilibrium peracetic acid by reacting acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction mixture in the presence of methanesulphonic acid as catalyst, and also to the equilibrium peracetic acid obtainable by the method.

Abstract: A process for producing coated sodium percarbonate particles by spray application of a sodium sulfate-containing aqueous solution onto sodium percarbonate particles in a fluidized bed and simultaneous evaporation of water, wherein sodium sulfate and sodium percarbonate-containing dust is used to prepare the sodium sulfate-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for producing a water-absorbing polymer composition, comprising the process steps of (i) mixing (?1) 0.1 to 99.999% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups or salts thereof (?2) 0 to 70% by weight of polymerized, ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with (?1), (?3) 0.001 to 10% by weight of one or more crosslinkers, (?4) 0 to 30% by weight of water-soluble polymers, and (?5) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more assistants, where the sum of their weights (?1) to (?5) is 100% by weight, (ii) free-radical polymerization with crosslinking to form a water-insoluble aqueous untreated hydrogel polymer, and surface postcrosslinking the ground hydrogel polymer wherein blowing agents having a particle size of 100 ?m to 900 ?m are added to the aqueous monomer solution prior to the addition of the initiator and the start of the free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: Coated sodium percarbonate particles comprising a core of sodium percarbonate obtainable by fluidized bed buildup granulation, and a coating layer comprising sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate in a weight ratio of from 95:5 to 75:25 and in which the proportion of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate is at least 80% by weight, effect as a detergent component an improved washing power of the detergent and exhibit a high storage stability in detergent formulations.

Abstract: Bleach particles with a core of sodium percarbonate, an inner coating layer with at least 50% by weight of sodium sulfate in the form of thenardite or burkeite and an outer coating layer comprising a water-soluble binder and a perhydrolyzable N-acyl compound or O-acyl compound as bleach activator are storage-stable, are suitable for silo storage and can be transported and handled safely even in a hot and humid climate.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate particles with a coating layer which comprises from 70 to 99.8% by weight of anhydrous sodium sulfate and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of a sodium borate, and whose proportion by weight is from 1 to 10% based on the mass of the sodium percarbonate particle, exhibit a high storage stability in detergent and cleaning composition formulations through a synergistic effect of sodium sulfate and sodium borate on the storage stability, and at the same time only have a small content of boron.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate particles with a coating layer comprising sodium sulfate in the form of a high-temperature phase of sodium sulfate and/or of a high-temperature phase of a double salt of composition Na4(SO4)1+n(CO3)1?n where n is from 0 to 0.5 have an improved storage stability in detergent and cleaning composition formulations as compared with sodium percarbonate particles which comprise sodium sulfate in the coating layer only in the form of sodium sulfate (V) or burkeite.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a multi-stage system and a process utilizing said system with the design of reducing the sulfur-content in a liquid comprising hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds. The process comprising at least one of the following states: (1) an oxidation stage; (2) an extraction state; (3) a raffinate washing stage; (4) a raffinate polishing stage; (5) a solvent recovery stage; (6) a solvent purification stage; and (7) a hydrocarbon recovery stage. The process for removing sulfur-containing hydrocarbons from gas oil, which comprises oxidizing gas oil comprising hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds to obtain a product gas oil.

Abstract: In a process for producing coated sodium percarbonate particles by spray application of a sodium sulfate-containing aqueous solution onto sodium percarbonate particles in a fluidized bed and simultaneous evaporation of water, sodium sulfate and sodium percarbonate-containing dust is used to prepare the sodium sulfate-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: The process for producing granular sodium percarbonate by fluidized bed buildup granulation comprises the spraying of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate with at least one multisubstance nozzle with external mixing into a fluidized bed comprising sodium percarbonate particles and simultaneously evaporating water, and is characterized in that the solution of sodium carbonate additionally comprises sodium carbonate and/or sodium percarbonate in suspended form and is passed through a dispersing apparatus for dispersion of solids before being fed to the multisubstance nozzle. The process allows the blockage of the multisubstance nozzle to be avoided and sodium percarbonate dust to be recycled from the offgas stream of the fluidized bed into the granulation.

Abstract: Coated sodium percarbonate particles comprising a core of sodium percarbonate obtainable by fluidized bed buildup granulation, and a coating layer comprising sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate in a weight ratio of from 95:5 to 75:25 and in which the proportion of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate is at least 80% by weight, effect as a detergent component an improved washing power of the detergent and exhibit a high storage stability in detergent formulations.

Abstract: By introducing droplets of an aqueous suspension, in which particles of a diacyl peroxide are suspended and in which at least one polysaccharide crosslinkable by metal ions is dissolved, into a solution, which comprises metal ions crosslinking the polysaccharide, it is possible to prepare pellets which comprise particles of a diacyl peroxide embedded into a matrix. The pellets are suitable as a bleaching component in cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate particles with a coating layer comprising sodium sulfate in the form of a high-temperature phase of sodium sulfate and/or of a high-temperature phase of a double salt of composition Na4(SO4)1+n(CO3)1?n where n is from 0 to 0.5 have an improved storage stability in detergent and cleaning composition formulations as compared with sodium percarbonate particles which comprise sodium sulfate in the coating layer only in the form of sodium sulfate (V) or burkeite.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate particles with a coating layer which comprises from 70 to 99.8% by weight of anhydrous sodium sulfate and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of a sodium borate, and whose proportion by weight is from 1 to 10% based on the mass of the sodium percarbonate particle, exhibit a high storage stability in detergent and cleaning composition formulations through a synergistic effect of sodium sulfate and sodium borate on the storage stability, and at the same time only have a small content of boron.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a multi-stage system and a process utilizing said system with the design of reducing the sulfur-content in a liquid comprising hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds. The process comprising at least one of the following states: (1) an oxidation stage; (2) an extraction state; (3) a raffinate washing stage; (4) a raffinate polishing stage; (5) a solvent recovery stage; (6) a solvent purification stage; and (7) a hydrocarbon recovery stage. The process for removing sulfur-containing hydrocarbons from gas oil, which comprises oxidizing gas oil comprising hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds to obtain a product gas oil.

Abstract: An oxime is synthesized by ammoximation of a carbonyl compound. In stage (i) of the process, a carbonyl compound containing 6 to 20 C atoms is reacted with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a) an organic solvent that is a1) at least partly water-soluble, a2) stable under ammoximation conditions, a3) has a boiling point of higher than 100° C. and/or is capable of forming a two-phase azeotrope with water, and b) a titanium-containing heterogeneous catalyst. After the reaction, the catalyst is separated from the reaction mixture. The oxime is crystallized and separated from the reaction mixture. Water is removed from the remaining mother liquor, provided the mother liquor is a two-phase system in which one of the phases is an aqueous phase. Water or a water-containing two-phase azeotrope is distilled off from the mother liquor, while the distillation bottoms and, optionally, the predominantly organic phase of the azeotrope are recycled to stage (i).

Abstract: An oxime is synthesized by ammoximation of a carbonyl compound. In stage (i) of the process, a carbonyl compound containing 6 to 20 C atoms is reacted with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a) an organic solvent that is a1) at least partly water-soluble, a2) stable under ammoximation conditions, a3) has a boiling point of higher than 100° C. and/or is capable of forming a two-phase azeotrope with water, and b) a titanium-containing heterogeneous catalyst. After the reaction, the catalyst is separated from the reaction mixture. The oxime is crystallized and separated from the reaction mixture. Water is removed from the remaining mother liquor, provided the mother liquor is a two-phase system in which one of the phases is an aqueous phase. Water or a water-containing two-phase azeotrope is distilled off from the mother liquor, while the distillation bottoms and, optionally, the predominantly organic phase of the azeotrope are recycled to stage (i).

Abstract: Oximes are prepared from ketones or aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a system of one aqueous phase and one phase of hydrocarbons inert under the reaction conditions in the presence of at least one interphase contactor and a catalyst system which consists of at least two components. A first component of the catalyst system is present in heterogeneous form and is based on titanium, silicon and oxygen and a second component is a homogeneously dissolved or suspended ammonium salt.