Abstract: A method of determining aggregates of a macromolecule monomer in a fluid containing the macromolecule, comprises the steps of: contacting a sample of the fluid with a sensing surface of an interaction analysis sensor, wherein the sensing surface is capable of specific binding interaction with the macromolecule, determining at least one kinetic parameter for the interaction of the fluid sample with the sensing surface, comparing the determined kinetic parameter or parameters with that or those determined for at least one fluid sample having a known fraction or fractions of aggregates of the macromolecule, and determining therefrom the fraction of macromolecule in the sample that is in the form of aggregate or aggregates.

Abstract: A method of determining aggregates of a macromolecule monomer in a fluid containing the macromolecule, comprises the steps of: contacting a sample of the fluid with a sensing surface of an interaction analysis sensor, wherein the sensing surface is capable of specific binding interaction with the macromolecule, determining at least one kinetic parameter for the interaction of the fluid sample with the sensing surface, comparing the determined kinetic parameter or parameters with that or those determined for at least one fluid sample having a known fraction or fractions of aggregates of the macromolecule, and determining therefrom the fraction of macromolecule in the sample that is in the form of aggregate or aggregates.

Abstract: A method of preparing an array of discrete localized binding agent-supporting regions on a solid support surface as well as an array prepared by the method are disclosed. The method comprises: providing a solid support bearing functional groups at a plurality of predefined discrete regions and being in a first surface property state; activating the functional groups to reactive groups to convert any activated surface area to a second surface property state which differs substantially from that of the first state; selectively dispensing at each predefined discrete region a predetermined volume of a liquid medium containing a binding agent to couple the binding agent to the reactive groups; and deactivating unreacted reactive groups such that the first surface property state of the solid support surface is restored. The use of the method for studying molecular interactions and for performing assays for one or more analytes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assaying a drug candidate with a biosensor having one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules associated therewith are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of measuring the binding interaction between the drug candidate and the one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules of the biosensor to obtain an estimate of at least one binding interaction parameter of the drug candidate, and then comparing the estimated binding interaction parameter against a mathematical expression correlated from binding interaction data associated with known drug compounds to determine an estimate of at least pharmacokinetic parameter of absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (ADME) that is related to the drug candidate. The present invention allows for the simultaneous measurement of different pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug candidate, as well as an indication of the drug candidate's solubility, by use of a single analytical instrument.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assaying a drug candidate with a biosensor having one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules associated therewith are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of measuring the binding interaction between the drug candidate and the one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules of the biosensor to obtain an estimate of at least one binding interaction parameter of the drug candidate, and then comparing the estimated binding interaction parameter against a mathematical expression correlated from binding interaction data associated with known drug compounds to determine an estimate of at least pharmacokinetic parameter of absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (ADME) that is related to the drug candidate. The present invention allows for the simultaneous measurement of different pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug candidate, as well as an indication of the drug candidate's solubility, by use of a single analytical instrument.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, kits and systems for determining an analyte in a liquid sample as well as the use thereof for concentration analysis and screening purposes. In one method, a specific binding partner to the analyte is permitted to compete with a conjugate containing the analyte or an analyte analogue for the binding to free analyte. The conjugate also contains a component that specifically binds to a solid support so that reacted and unreacted conjugate are bound thereto when the reaction solution is contacted with the solid support. The amount of analyte is then determined by measuring by a label-free mass-detection technique, such as surface plasmon resonance, the amount of binding partner immobilized on the solid support via the reacted conjugate. This is made possible by the binding partner having a considerably greater mass than the conjugate. Variants of this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assaying a drug candidate with a biosensor having one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules associated therewith are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of measuring the binding interaction between the drug candidate and the one or more sensing surface-bound biomolecules of the biosensor to obtain an estimate of at least one binding interaction parameter of the drug candidate, and then comparing the estimated binding interaction parameter against a mathematical expression correlated from binding interaction data associated with known drug compounds to determine an estimate of at least pharmacokinetic parameter of absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (ADME) that is related to the drug candidate. The present invention allows for the simultaneous measurement of different pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug candidate, as well as an indication of the drug candidate's solubility, by use of a single analytical instrument.

Abstract: A sensing surface suitable for use in a biosensor, comprising:a film of a free electron metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, aluminum and gold; anda densely packed monolayer of an organic molecule X-R-Y coated on one of the faces of said film where X is a group selected from the group consisting ofasymmetrical or symmetrical disulfide (--SSR'Y', -SSRY, sulfide (-SR'Y', -SRY), diselenide (-SeSeR'Y', -SeSeRY), selenide (SeR'Y', -SeRY),thiol (-SH), isonitrile, nitro (-NO.sub.2), selenol (-SeH), trivalent phosphorus compounds, isothiocyanate, xanthate, thiocarbamate, phosphine,thio acid and dithio acid (-COSH, -CSSH)where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains optionally interrupted by hetero atoms, of a length exceeding 10 atoms, wherein in the case of an asymmetrical molecule, R' or R may be H, and Y and Y' are active groups for covalently binding ligands or a biocompatible porous matrix.