Abstract: A method of determining the orientation of subject data in a two-dimensional data set includes: determining a center of the subject data; determining angles from the center to each subject data; generating a frequency distribution based on the angles; and determining the orientation of the subject data based on the frequency distribution.

Abstract: A system and method of separating subject data from background data in a signal data set includes generating a frequency distribution of the subject data and background data based on a characteristic; identifying a maximum of the frequency distribution; establishing a first threshold to one side of the maximum; establishing a second threshold to another side of the maximum; and assigning data outside the first and second thresholds as one of the subject data and the background data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonlinear method that permits simple, fast and accurate detection of defects in a body made from brittle materials. In the case of the method, at least two temporally offset operations (A, B) are used such that the body is set vibrating (1a, 1b) with a different intensity, a vibrational response of the body in the time domain is picked up (2a, 2b), the vibrational response is normalized (3a, 3b), the beginning of the vibration is determined (4a, 4b) and a section of the vibrational response is determined (5a, 5b) whose start is formed by the previously determined beginning of the vibration, and which has a specific length, a correlation coefficient of the sections of the respective vibration responses of the at least two operations being formed as feature value for the detection of defects (6).

Abstract: A system and method evaluates a characteristic for suitability in classification of subjects. The system generates subject data including characteristic data and class data. The method includes arranging the subject data based on the characteristic data, and identifying the number of class changes from one class to another class in the arranged subject data. The number of class changes represents the suitability of the characteristic for classification of the subjects. The method further includes measuring the interval between class changes in the arranged subject data. The interval between class changes also represents the suitability of the characteristic for classification of the subjects.

Abstract: A method for the numerical control of machines with several axes, in particular machine tools and robots, to compensate for the inaccuracies occurring when the axes are reversed, wherein varying friction conditions, as well as slackness and torsional effects are compensated using a friction precontrol. Rotation speed reference values are corrected by injecting a correction pulse with an acceleration-dependent injection amplitude and a constant decay time for each axis at the time of passage from one quadrant to another, with the associated change in direction. The injection amplitude and constant decay time are determined for each machine manually or learned in an additional embodiment automatically in a self-learning system in the form of a neural network.