Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of using glucose anti-metabolites to alter utilization of glucose or other energy sources and to mimic metabolic effects of caloric restriction. In particular, in one embodiment herein, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising a glucose anti-metabolite to the animal. In another embodiment, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising avocado extract, wherein the avocado extract comprises mannoheptulose. In yet another embodiment, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising mannoheptulose.

Abstract: A method of obtaining beneficial biological results associated with caloric restriction may be gained by administration of a composition containing at least one active agent which blocks metabolism of glucose as a source of energy in cells in glucose metabolism blocking effective amounts to an animal in need thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing a plant matter extract, as well as food compositions comprising such extracts. The plant matter is selected from avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures thereof. The processes include providing plant matter selected from the group consisting of avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures thereof; combining the plant matter with an aqueous solution and optionally with an enzyme, further optionally with heating, to provide a digested plant mixture; concentrating the digested plant mixture to enhance the concentration of carbohydrate therein. The processes for preparing food compositions further include combining the digested plant mixture with one or more food composition components.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pet food compositions. In one embodiment, pet food compositions which are described comprise a component selected from 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose; 3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol; mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment, pet food compositions which are described comprise an extract of plant matter selected from avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures thereof. The pet food compositions may be prepared by any of a variety of processes including, but not limited to, optional processes described herein.