Abstract: Provided is a package made of a composite material is represented and described, including a package base with two front base corners and with two rear base corners, a package gable with two front gable corners and with two rear gable corners, and a package base body with a front panel, a first side panel, a second side panel and a rear panel. The package base and the package gable are arranged on opposite sides of the package base body. The composite material has a polymer inner layer, a polymer outer layer and a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. In order to enable the manufacture of packages with even more complex geometries without impairing the rigidity of the package, it is proposed to provide a third sleeve fold line, which has a plurality of sections, which each adjoin a side panel and the rear panel, and of which at least one section is curved.

Abstract: A flat-shaped composite material is represented and described for manufacturing a package, including: a polymer outer layer, a polymer inner layer, a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. The flat-shaped composite material has a plurality of fold lines, which are arranged and designed such that a closed package can be manufactured by folding the flat-shaped composite material along the fold lines and by connecting seam surfaces of the flat-shaped composite material and a sleeve surface. The sleeve surface includes a front surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a first rear surface and a second rear surface, and base surfaces. The base surfaces include triangular base surfaces, quadrangular base surfaces, and gable surfaces. The gable surfaces include triangular gable surfaces and quadrangular gable surfaces. The base surfaces and the gable surfaces are arranged on opposite sides of the sleeve surface.

Abstract: Provided is a package made of a composite material is represented and described, including a package base with two front base corners and with two rear base corners, a package gable with two front gable corners and with two rear gable corners, and a package base body with a front panel, a first side panel, a second side panel and a rear panel. The package base and the package gable are arranged on opposite sides of the package base body. The composite material has a polymer inner layer, a polymer outer layer and a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. In order to enable the manufacture of packages with even more complex geometries without impairing the rigidity of the package, it is proposed to provide a third sleeve fold line, which has a plurality of sections, which each adjoin a side panel and the rear panel, and of which at least one section is curved.

Abstract: A flat-shaped composite material is represented and described for manufacturing a package, including: a polymer outer layer, a polymer inner layer, a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. The flat-shaped composite material has a plurality of fold lines, which are arranged and designed such that a closed package can be manufactured by folding the flat-shaped composite material along the fold lines and by connecting seam surfaces of the flat-shaped composite material, and a sleeve surface. The sleeve surface includes a front surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a first rear surface, a second rear surface, and base surfaces. The base surfaces include triangular base surfaces, quadrangular base surfaces, and gable surfaces. The gable surfaces include triangular gable surfaces and quadrangular gable surfaces. The base surfaces and the gable surfaces are arranged on opposite sides of the sleeve surface.

Abstract: A package made of a composite material is represented and described, including: a package base with two front base corners and with two rear base corners, a package gable with two front gable corners and with two rear gable corners, and a package base body with a front panel, a first side panel, a second side panel and a rear panel. The package base and the package gable are arranged on opposite sides of the package base body. The composite material has a polymer inner layer, a polymer outer layer and a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. In order to enable the manufacture of packages with even more complex geometries without impairing the rigidity of the package, it is proposed that the package base body has at least one stress-relief panel, which is arranged between the front panel and one of the two side panels.

Abstract: A flat-shaped composite material is represented and described for manufacturing a package, including: a polymer outer layer, a polymer inner layer, a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. The flat-shaped composite material has a plurality of fold lines, which are arranged and designed such that a closed package can be manufactured by folding the flat-shaped composite material along the fold lines and by connecting seam surfaces of the flat-shaped composite material and a sleeve surface. The sleeve surface includes a front surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a first rear surface and a second rear surface, and base surfaces. The base surfaces include triangular base surfaces, quadrangular base surfaces, and gable surfaces. The gable surfaces include triangular gable surfaces and quadrangular gable surfaces. The base surfaces and the gable surfaces are arranged on opposite sides of the sleeve surface.

Abstract: A flat-shaped composite material is represented and described for manufacturing a package, including: a polymer outer layer, a polymer inner layer, a fibrous support layer, which is arranged between the polymer outer layer and the polymer inner layer. The flat-shaped composite material has a plurality of fold lines, which are arranged and designed such that a closed package can be manufactured by folding the flat-shaped composite material along the fold lines and by connecting seam surfaces of the flat-shaped composite material and a sleeve surface. The sleeve surface includes a front surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a first rear surface and a second rear surface, and base surfaces. The base surfaces include triangular base surfaces and quadrangular base surfaces and gable surfaces. The gable surfaces include triangular gable surfaces and quadrangular gable surfaces. The base surfaces and the gable surfaces are arranged on opposite sides of the sleeve surface.

Abstract: A capacitive liquid level detector for detecting a liquid level of a liquid in a receptacle, the liquid being conductive, the detector comprising: a capacitor with a first plate having a fixed size and being insulated from the liquid, and a second plate being formed by the liquid itself, its size being variable depending on the liquid level inside said receptacle, wherein a thin film dielectric layer is formed on the surface of the first plate and located between the first plate and the second plate, the first plate with the thin film dielectric layer formed on its surface is arranged such that it covers an open part of the outer wall of the receptacle, the first plate with the thin film dielectric layer formed on its surface is attached to the receptacle by sealing means in order to seal the receptacle against liquid leakage.

Abstract: A separator for separating a gas/liquid mixture for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) comprises a closed channel with at least one channel section whose wall completely or partially consists of a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane, in which the cross-sectional area of the channel decreases continuously or in steps from an inlet opening to an outlet opening and sections of the channel wall not constituted of the membrane are defined by a one-piece machined body.

Abstract: A modular direct methanol fuel cell system includes a housing having a pump for supplying fuel from a fuel tank to a fuel cell stack and a system controller for electronically controlling the modular direct methanol fuel cell system. An integrated processor is contained in the housing, the integrated processor integrating a water condenser and a gas/liquid stream separator. A first fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding air and fuel exiting from the fuel cell stack to the integrated processor. A second fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding a fuel mixture from the integrated processor to the fuel cell stack. The direct methanol fuel cell system also includes a third fluid connection unit for feeding pure fuel from the fuel tank to the integrated processor.

Abstract: A capacitive liquid level detector for detecting a liquid level of a liquid in a receptacle, the liquid being conductive, the detector comprising: a capacitor with a first plate having a fixed size and being insulated from the liquid, and a second plate being formed by the liquid itself, its size being variable depending on the liquid level inside said receptacle, wherein a thin film dielectric layer is formed on the surface of the first plate and located between the first plate and the second plate, the first plate with the thin film dielectric layer formed on its surface is arranged such that it covers an open part of the outer wall of the receptacle, the first plate with the thin film dielectric layer formed on its surface is attached to the receptacle by sealing means in order to seal the receptacle against liquid leakage.

Abstract: A separator for separating a gas/liquid mixture for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) comprises a closed channel with at least one channel section whose wall completely or partially consists of a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane, in which the cross-sectional area of the channel decreases continuously or in steps from an inlet opening to an outlet opening and sections of the channel wall not constituted of the membrane are defined by a one-piece machined body.

Abstract: A modular direct methanol fuel cell system includes a housing having a pump for supplying fuel from a fuel tank to a fuel cell stack and a system controller for electronically controlling the modular direct methanol fuel cell system. An integrated processor is contained in the housing, the integrated processor integrating a water condenser and a gas/liquid stream separator. A first fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding air and fuel exiting from the fuel cell stack to the integrated processor. A second fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding a fuel mixture from the integrated processor to the fuel cell stack. The direct methanol fuel cell system also includes a third fluid connection unit for feeding pure fuel from the fuel tank to the integrated processor.

Abstract: Provided are a heat exchanger assembly and a method of cooling the outlet stream of a fuel cell using the heat exchanger assembly, which increase the efficiency of heat exchange in fuel cell systems. The heat exchanging assembly for fuel cell systems comprising a heat exchanger and a ventilation unit for cooling the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger comprises: an inlet manifold with an inlet opening, an outlet manifold with an outlet opening, and a plurality of heat exchanging elements disposed between the inlet opening of the inlet manifold and the outlet opening of the outlet manifold and connecting the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold, wherein cooling air generated by the ventilation unit flows in the opposite direction to the flow of a medium within the heat exchanging elements.