Abstract: A catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus is especially suited for placement in a containment of a nuclear reactor. The apparatus has a natural convection flow duct with a number of catalytic elements for recombining hydrogen and oxygen contained in a gas flow through the flow duct. The catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus provides for reliable hydrogen reduction and iodine filtering for a gas flow even for a comparatively long period of operation. The catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus includes a number of adsorber elements with iodine adsorbing surfaces and with macroscopic flow channels in between. The iodine adsorbing surfaces are flown over by the gas flow, and the adsorber elements are arranged, when in use, downstream of the catalytic elements in a direction of the gas flow.

Abstract: A catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus is especially suited for placement in a containment of a nuclear reactor. The apparatus has a natural convection flow duct with a number of catalytic elements for recombining hydrogen and oxygen contained in a gas flow through the flow duct. The catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus provides for reliable hydrogen reduction and iodine filtering for a gas flow even for a comparatively long period of operation. The catalytic recombiner and filter apparatus includes a number of adsorber elements with iodine adsorbing surfaces and with macroscopic flow channels in between. The iodine adsorbing surfaces are flown over by the gas flow, and the adsorber elements are arranged, when in use, downstream of the catalytic elements in a direction of the gas flow.

Abstract: In a change from a lean to a rich exhaust gas mixture, a characteristic behavior appears in a short time interval in the vicinity of the lambda jump of an upstream catalytic converter lambda probe in the signal characteristic which is measured by a downstream catalytic converter lambda probe. From the signals in small intervals, around the instant of changing, the reliability performance of the downstream lambda probe can be deduced without the actual probe jump in curves of the voltage characteristics having to be considered.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (Ib): including contacting a compound of formula (Ia): with toluene and HCl gas to provide the compound of formula (Ib).

Abstract: Amorolfine base, which is a compound of formula (I): is improvedly prepared by: (i) contacting a compound of formula (II): with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst; and (ii) adding one equivalent of 2-halogeno-2-methylbutane, wherein the reaction mixture obtained in step (i) is cooled to a temperature from ?40° to ?60° C. prior to step (ii) and the Friedel-Craft catalyst is selected from the group consisting of gallium chloride, antimony pentafluoride, molybdenum pentachloride, indium chloride, antimony pentachloride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (Ib): including contacting a compound of formula (Ia): with toluene and HCl gas to provide the compound of formula (Ib).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (Ia): includes: (i) contacting a compound of formula (III): with a compound of formula (IV): in the presence of a palladium catalyst, methanol and hydrogen gas, the step (i) preferably being conducted under basic conditions with acetic acid being added to the medium of reaction once the consumption of the hydrogen gas has ceased.

Abstract: Amorolfine base, which is a compound of formula (I): is improvedly prepared by: (i) contacting a compound of formula (II): with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst; and (ii) adding one equivalent of 2-halogeno-2-methylbutane, wherein the reaction mixture obtained in step (i) is cooled to a temperature from ?40° to ?60° C. prior to step (ii) and the Friedel-Craft catalyst is selected from the group consisting of gallium chloride, antimony pentafluoride, molybdenum pentachloride, indium chloride, antimony pentachloride.

Abstract: In a change from a lean to a rich exhaust gas mixture, a characteristic behavior appeal's in a short time interval in the vicinity of the lambda jump of an upstream catalytic converter lambda probe in the signal characteristic which is measured by a downstream catalytic converter lambda probe. From the signals in small intervals, around the instant of changing, the reliability performance of the downstream lambda probe can be deduced without the actual probe jump in curves of the voltage characteristics having to be considered.

Abstract: An improved process of producing Amorolfine base, which is a compound of formula (I): said process including the steps of: (i) contacting a compound of formula (II): with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst at a temperature in the range of 20° to 30° C.; (ii) adding a 2-halogeno-2-methylbutane thereto, and wherein the reaction mixture obtained in step (i) is cooled to a temperature of from ?40° to ?60° C. prior to step (ii).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (Ia): includes: (i) contacting a compound of formula (III): with a compound of formula (IV): in the presence of a palladium catalyst, methanol and hydrogen gas, the step (i) preferably being conducted under basic conditions with acetic acid being added to the medium of reaction once the consumption of the hydrogen gas has ceased.

Abstract: The present invention is for processing fluids, especially waste streams from nuclear power plants, and other fluid media that may be carrying valuable or useful substances, in order to collect the substances. The system uses sequential filtering and multiple passes to concentrate the substances, which allows the system to collect virtually all of the substances of interest to the user while reducing the volume of both the unwanted materials as well as the desired materials desired without affecting the purity of the fluid after processing. Additionally, the collected substances can be processed in-place, and without requiring any thermal processing prior to disposal of unwanted substances, or for the recovery and/or reuse of valuable substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing waste streams wherein a slipstream is formed on the upstream side of an ultrafiltration membrane (120) to carry collected and concentrated filter reject to a microfilter (170) via a slipstream through a conduit (155) at a very low flux through the microfilter. The low flux gives the particles in this stream a chance to interact and thus form an irregular matrix that itself helps to trap particles. The effluent from this matrix and microfilter is returned upstream of the ultrafiltration membrane via a conduit (165) to be repeatedly collected and concentrated. The suspended solids removed from the reject stream and microfilter may then be disposed of directly without further processing. For metal ions, the removal efficiency of ultrafiltration membrane can be improved by injecting sulfide compounds or other compounds upstream of ultrafiltration membrane.

Abstract: The present invention is a system (or apparatus) and method for processing fluids, especially waste streams from nuclear power plants, and other fluid media that may be carrying valuable or useful substances, in order to collect the substances carried by such media. The system uses sequential filtering and multiple passes to concentrate the substances, which allows the system to collect virtually all of the substances of interest to the user while reducing the volume of both the unwanted materials as well as the desired materials desired without affecting the purity of the fluid after processing. Additionally, the collected substances can be processed in-place, and without requiring any thermal processing prior to disposal of unwanted substances, or for the recovery and/or reuse of valuable substances. Furthermore, the system provides other desirable features including, but not limited to, a novel multi-purpose container, and an optional means to stabilize waste through in-place solidification.

Abstract: A system and method for removing and collecting particulate from a water-filled tank using a filter and a pump wherein the pump operates at low flow rate to maintain only a small pressure drop across the filter low. By maintaining a small pressure drop, particulate agglomeates and can load the filter to a greater extent than when the flow rate is higher. The filter may then be crushed and placed into a disposal container for disposal. In an alternate embodiment, the particles can be accumulated in several mesh filters operating at a higher flow rate and then, as each filter is loaded, the filtrate can be back flushed to a second filter operating at low flow rate. The first filters can be repeatedly reused and the second filters can be crushed and placed in a disposal container.