Abstract: Method for detecting pulsed laser radiation having two-dimensional resolution of the direction of incidence with a CCD sensor having an imaging optic. Method includes generating, in signal processing having sampling frequency of at least 5 kHz, single images by comparing each pixel of CCD sensor to respective threshold values and by storing a pixel value exceeding the respective threshold value for an image processing, ascertaining, in the signal processing, a mean or peak value of stored pixel values of the single image pixel-by-pixel over at least 10 samples, forwarding a signal image obtained in signal processing for image processing at image frequency of 10 Hz to 500 Hz, and identifying from signal image, in an image processing, at least one signal pixel representing incident laser radiation. Method further includes determining direction of incidence of laser radiation from position of signal pixels on signal image.

Abstract: Method for milling a series of teeth of a toothed gear element with teeth in a straight line with a milling cutter rotatable about a milling cutter axis and having at its periphery interchangeable cutting inserts arranged such that, when the milling cutter is brought to the toothed gear element, they reach into gaps between adjacent teeth or generate these gaps, and a corresponding milling cutter. Cutting edges of mounted cutting inserts extend radially and perpendicularly relative to the milling cutter axis. During milling of the tooth profile, the milling cutter axis is aligned in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tooth back and, during entering of the cutting inserts, rotated about the milling cutter axis, into the surface or gaps between the teeth, and pivoted in this plane over an angular range covering all normals to the profile surface of the tooth to be produced.

Abstract: A method for operating a pulsed interference laser in an eye-safe manner in a DIRCM system onboard an aircraft is provided. A reception apparatus is used to receive echoes from the emitted pulses from the interference laser and to evaluate them to determine whether an object is situated within a prescribed laser safety distance for the DIRCM system in the laser beam. The emission of the laser beam is enabled separately for a respective period of time ?t within the period of use of the interference laser, the emission being enabled for the respective subsequent period of time ?t only if no object has been found within the laser safety distance within the respective preceding period of time ?t.

Abstract: A method for operating a jamming laser in a DIRCM system on board an aircraft in a manner that is safe for eyes. The energy radiated by the jamming laser since the start of combat is determined, depending on the aircraft's flight condition, a limit is determined for the permitted energy radiation, where the limit corresponds to a laser protection distance to be observed for this flight condition, and when the limit is reached, radiation is suppressed.

Abstract: Method for detecting pulsed laser radiation having two-dimensional resolution of the direction of incidence with a CCD sensor having an imaging optic. Method includes generating, in signal processing having sampling frequency of at least 5 kHz, single images by comparing each pixel of CCD sensor to respective threshold values and by storing a pixel value exceeding the respective threshold value for an image processing, ascertaining, in the signal processing, a mean or peak value of stored pixel values of the single image pixel-by-pixel over at least 10 samples, forwarding a signal image obtained in signal processing for image processing at image frequency of 10 Hz to 500 Hz, and identifying from signal image, in an image processing, at least one signal pixel representing incident laser radiation. Method further includes determining direction of incidence of laser radiation from position of signal pixels on signal image.

Abstract: Method for milling a series of teeth of a toothed gear element with teeth in a straight line with a milling cutter rotatable about a milling cutter axis and having at its periphery interchangeable cutting inserts arranged such that, when the milling cutter is brought to the toothed gear element, they reach into gaps between adjacent teeth or generate these gaps, and a corresponding milling cutter. Cutting edges of mounted cutting inserts extend radially and perpendicularly relative to the milling cutter axis. During milling of the tooth profile, the milling cutter axis is aligned in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tooth back and, during entering of the cutting inserts, rotated about the milling cutter axis, into the surface or gaps between the teeth, and pivoted in this plane over an angular range covering all normals to the profile surface of the tooth to be produced.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of milling ball races which are of an approximately elliptical profile which has a first semi-axis extending substantially perpendicularly to the base of the ball race and a second semi-axis extending perpendicularly to the first semi-axis and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the ball race, wherein a side milling cutter is used to produce the ball race, the peripheral cutting edges of which produce the elliptical profile of the ball race, wherein the cutting edges of the side milling cutter in a section containing the axis of the milling cutter are also of an elliptical profile whose first semi-axis extends perpendicularly to the milling cutter axis and whose second semi-axis extends parallel to the milling cutter axis.

Abstract: A method for operating a jamming laser in a DIRCM system on board an aircraft in a manner that is safe for eyes. The energy radiated by the jamming laser since the start of combat is determined, depending on the aircraft's flight condition, a limit is determined for the permitted energy radiation, where the limit corresponds to a laser protection distance to be observed for this flight condition, and when the limit is reached, radiation is suppressed.

Abstract: A method for operating a pulsed interference laser in an eye-safe manner in a DIRCM system onboard an aircraft is provided. A reception apparatus is used to receive echoes from the emitted pulses from the interference laser and to evaluate them to determine whether an object is situated within a prescribed laser safety distance for the DIRCM system in the laser beam. The emission of the laser beam is enabled separately for a respective period of time ?t within the period of use of the interference laser, the emission being enabled for the respective subsequent period of time ?t only if no object has been found within the laser safety distance within the respective preceding period of time ?t.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of milling ball races which are of an approximately elliptical profile which has a first semi-axis extending substantially perpendicularly to the base of the ball race and a second semi-axis extending perpendicularly to the first semi-axis and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the ball race, wherein a side milling cutter is used to produce the ball race, the peripheral cutting edges of which produce the elliptical profile of the ball race, wherein the cutting edges of the side milling cutter in a section containing the axis of the milling cutter are also of an elliptical profile whose first semi-axis extends perpendicularly to the milling cutter axis and whose second semi-axis extends parallel to the milling cutter axis.

Abstract: A cutting bit (10), in particular for face milling cutters, having an upper and a lower surface (3) which are connected by circumferential edge surfaces (4), wherein the cutting bit in plan view on to the upper surface (3) is of an approximately octagonal basic shape with alternately small and large corner angles, wherein formed between the respective corners (6, 7) at the transition of the circumferential surfaces (4) to the upper and/or lower surface (3) are respective cutting edges (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of which a part (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) in a top view appear as in a slightly broken or curved over a relatively smaller radius for use as roughing cutting edges and another part extends between adjacent corners (6, 7) straight or with a relatively larger radius for use as finishing cutting edges (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for supporting pilots in landing helicopters in visual flight under brownout or whiteout conditions. According to the invention, 3D data of the planned landing site are generated during the approach for landing, and are accumulated into a 3D representation of the landing site with the aid of position and attitude data of the helicopter. From this 3D representation, a virtual external view is continuously generated corresponding to the perspective of the actual position and attitude of the helicopter and is displayed for the pilot. A control routine ensures that no 3D data of the planned landing site that are generated under brownout or whiteout conditions are taken into account in the accumulation of the 3D representation.

Abstract: A cutting bit (10), in particular for face milling cutters, having an upper and a lower surface (3) which are connected by circumferential edge surfaces (4), wherein the cutting bit in plan view on to the upper surface (3) is of an approximately octagonal basic shape with alternately small and large corner angles, wherein formed between the respective corners (6, 7) at the transition of the circumferential surfaces (4) to the upper and/or lower surface (3) are respective cutting edges (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of which a part (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) in a top view appear as in a slightly broken or curved over a relatively smaller radius for use as roughing cutting edges and another part extends between adjacent corners (6, 7) straight or with a relatively larger radius for use as finishing cutting edges (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).

Abstract: An indexible cutting bit includes an upper side of polygonal contour defining at respective corners thereof a secondary cutting edge which extends between first and second main cutting edges. The secondary cutting edge includes, in order of closeness to the first main cutting edge: a convexly curved transition first portion extending from an end of the first main cutting edge, a concavely curved second portion of a second radius, a convexly curved third portion of a third radius, a concavely curved fourth portion of a fourth radius, a convexly curved fifth portion of a fifth radius, a concavely curved sixth portion of a sixth radius, and a convexly curved transition seventh portion extending to the second main cutting edge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for supporting pilots in landing helicopters in visual flight under brownout or whiteout conditions. According to the invention, 3D data of the planned landing site are generated during the approach for landing, and are accumulated into a 3D representation of the landing site with the aid of position and attitude data of the helicopter. From this 3D representation, a virtual external view is continuously generated corresponding to the perspective of the actual position and attitude of the helicopter and is displayed for the pilot. A control routine ensures that no 3D data of the planned landing site that are generated under brownout or whiteout conditions are taken into account in the accumulation of the 3D representation.

Abstract: An indexible cutting bit includes an upper side of polygonal contour defining at respective corners thereof a secondary cutting edge which extends between first and second main cutting edges. The secondary cutting edge includes, in order of closeness to the first main cutting edge: a convexly curved transition first portion extending from an end of the first main cutting edge, a concavely curved second portion of a second radius, a convexly curved third portion of a third radius, a concavely curved fourth portion of a fourth radius, a convexly curved fifth portion of a fifth radius, a concavely curved sixth portion of a sixth radius, and a convexly curved transition seventh portion extending to the second main cutting edge.

Abstract: An indexable cutting plate for ball race milling cutters includes upper and lower parallel surfaces, and an edge surface interconnecting the upper and lower surfaces. Cutting edges are defined by lines of intersection between the edge surface and the upper surface. The cutting edges include a main cutting edge extending radially with reference to an axis of rotation of the cutter, auxiliary cutting edge extending mainly axially, and an angle cutting edge defining a transition between the main and auxiliary cutting edges. The auxiliary cutting edge has a radius of curvature that is larger than that of the angle cutting edge and smaller than twice the diameter of the cutting head on which the cutting plate is mounted.

Abstract: A cutting bit for a milling tool includes a flat upper face which at least partially serves as a rake face, and a lower support face which is substantially parallel thereto. The upper face and the lower face are connected together by a peripherally extending edge face. The edge surface includes six sides each interconnecting the upper and lower faces. Each side includes first and second faces oriented in non-coplanar relationship, wherein each first face intersects the upper face to form therewith a secondary cutting edge, and each second face intersects the upper face to form therewith a main cutting edge arranged non-colinearly with respect to the secondary cutting edge. A alternating ones of the first faces form a first angle of substantially 60° to one another, and alternating ones of the second faces form a second angle of substantially 60° to one another.

Abstract: A double negative cutting insert has opposite top and bottom sides between which transverse flank surfaces extend, adjacent to which cutting edges are formed. There are at least four useful major cutting edges, which separately extend from an active operating corner towards a nearby first inactive corner. Each major cutting edge co-operates with a minor cutting edge with the purpose of face machining the surface, that is left after material removal. The cutting insert has an octagonal basic shape, the top and bottom sides thereof having an identical shape with four spaced-apart supporting projections, which are placed near the four inactive corners and have plane abutment surfaces located in a common plane. An individual land adjacent to the major cutting edges has a concavely arched shape in order to provide a positive cutting geometry during operation.

Abstract: A cutting bit for a milling tool includes a flat upper face which at least partially serves as a rake face, and a lower support face which is substantially parallel thereto. The upper face and the lower face are connected together by a peripherally extending edge face. The edge surface includes six sides each interconnecting the upper and lower faces. Each side includes first and second faces oriented in non-coplanar relationship, wherein each first face intersects the upper face to form therewith a secondary cutting edge, and each second face intersects the upper face to form therewith a main cutting edge arranged non-colinearly with respect to the secondary cutting edge. A alternating ones of the first faces form a first angle of substantially 60° to one another, and alternating ones of the second faces form a second angle of substantially 60° to one another.