Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication system shares terminal identification information (TII) used for identifying a terminal that sends a spam phone call, with another communication system belonging to another network provider, and includes: a storage section that stores the TII of a terminal that sends a spam phone call; a transmission section that transmits the TII stored in the storage section to the other communication system; a reception section that receives the TII used for identifying the terminal that sends the spam phone call; a registration section that registers the TII received by the reception section in the storage section; and a spam phone call determination section that determines whether there is a match between terminal information indicating information of an outgoing call terminal that sends a connection request, and the TII stored in the storage section, thereby determining whether the outgoing call terminal sends a spam phone call.

Abstract: To improve detection accuracy of SPIT, first, an identification information gathering apparatus receives various identification information from an IP phone terminal which has transmitted an INVITE message. A PUCI server generates bind identification information by binding or associating various identification information received from an identification information gathering apparatus via an SIP server and registers the bind identification information to a gray list stored in a list storing portion. A SPIT determination portion evaluates the bind identification information in reference to the gray list and determines whether or not the session start request from the IP phone terminal is allowed.

Abstract: A simulator to be used in ophthalmological measurements includes a display apparatus and a control device. The control device is adapted to control the display apparatus in such a manner that the display apparatus displays an image that is adapted to simulate the arrangement of a pupillary midpoint relative to a reference structure.

Abstract: A visited policy controlling device decides the amount of a visited network bearer resource that is provided by a visited user plane device for an end-to-end service based on the amount of a bearer service resource requested to be used in the end-to-end service. A home policy controlling device decides the amount of a core network bearer resource that a home gateway device provides for the end-to-end service based on the amount of the bearer service resource requested to be used in the end-to-end service. Further, a home policy controlling device performs processing to match the amount of the core network bearer resource decided by itself and the amount of the visited network bearer resource decided by visited policy controlling device, if they do not match.

Abstract: A connecting element for a spinal column stabilization system includes a first attachment section for fixing to a first bone attachment device, a second attachment section for fixing to a second bone attachment device and an at least partially flexible intermediate section. The intermediate section is arranged between the first and the second attachment section and is in the form of a strip-like, winding leaf spring element having at least one recess. A desired spring stiffness is maintained as precisely as possible, especially in the intermediate section independently of possible manufacturing tolerances arising from the manufacturing process. At least one of the two leaf spring element surfaces of the leaf spring element includes at least one stiffness-modifying element. The connecting element may be part of an improved spinal column fixation system and made by an improved method of manufacturing a connecting element.

Abstract: A method for link quality estimation in a wireless network, is characterized in that nodes of the wireless network perform the steps of sending packets to other nodes, monitoring all packets received from other nodes being located within their communication range, and calculating sent-received ratios with respect to other nodes and deriving thereof a link quality towards the respective nodes.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A protection against an unsolicited communication for an IMS (PUCI) system includes a call session control function (CSCF), and a plurality of PUCE application servers. The PUCI application servers make an evaluation as to whether a communication received from the user equipment is an unsolicited communication; the CSCF makes a decision on routing toward the PUCI application servers based on the evaluation; then, the PUCI application servers execute the routing based on the decision.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A communication method in LIPA/SIPTO architecture is provided which, when a user equipment (UE) is to connect from a serving area to an external network, allows re-selection of an optimal gateway. The communication method allows selecting a gateway apparatus physically or topologically close to a site, where the user equipment is attached.

Abstract: A PUCI system is designed to process an incoming call originated by the user equipment toward the counterpart user equipment via an EMS node having a PUCI-light functionality, which includes an IBCF/I-CSCF, a S-CSCF, and a database storing the PUCI-light information. Through a query to the database indicating a suspicious session in relation to the incoming call, the IMS node immediately blocks the suspicious session or simply marks the suspicious session for the further processing at a subsequent node. The reason for rejection is included in a SIP BYE/ERROR message of an original session setup message, which is interpreted by a previous IMS node so as to obtain the relevant information from a SIP header. The relevant information is stored in either a global operator policy database or a local database, thus enabling a PUCI-negating IMS node to reject an unsolicited call related to the blocked session.

Abstract: A PUCI system includes a user equipment (UE) and a PUCI application server holding user policies in connection to a home subscriber server (HSS) holding operator policies. A policy manager establishes the correlation between the user policies and the operator policies, thus determining whether to reject or forward an incoming call originated from a trusted/distrusted source network in accordance with prescribed rules/logics.