Abstract: Internal combustion engine for gaseous fuels having a combustion chamber (2) in which gaseous fuel is burned. The gaseous fuel is kept at an operating pressure in a gas tank (7) and fed to the combustion chamber (2) via a supply line (6). The combustion chamber (2) is connected to a fresh air line (10) through which ambient air is fed to the combustion chamber (2). The exhaust gas from the combustion chamber (2) is fed to an exhaust gas catalytic converter (14) via an exhaust pipe (13). A pressure relief line (16, 16?) with a switchable release valve (17, 17) branches off from the supply line (6), via which gaseous fuel can be discharged from the supply line (6).

Abstract: A system and method of detecting malicious activity in emails using pattern recognition. The method includes maintaining a plurality of associations between a plurality of emails and a plurality of multi-dimensional (MD) vectors of the plurality of emails. Each association is between a respective email of the plurality of emails and a respective MD vector of the plurality of MD vectors that corresponds to the respective email. The method includes identifying, based on one or more keywords, a set of MD vectors of the plurality of MD vectors. The method includes selecting, based on the plurality of associations, a set of emails associated with the set of MD vectors. The method includes generating, by a processing device, based on the set of emails or the set of MD vectors, a set of clusters to represent patterns in the set of emails.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a water-soluble copolymer comprising the step of reacting a monomer (a) of formula (I), wherein Q1, Q2, R1 to R7 and X have the meaning as indicated in the description and claims with at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, anionic monomer (b), preferably representing a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one carboxy, phosphonate or sulfonate group and salts thereof, preferably their ammonium salts or alkaline-earth metal salts or alkali metal salts; and at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, non-ionic monomer (c). The present invention further relates to a copolymer obtainable by said process and its use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a formulation comprising said copolymer and a method of oil production uses said formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a water-soluble copolymer comprising the step of reacting a monomer (a) of formula (I), (1) wherein Q1, Q2, R1 to R7 and X have the meaning as indicated in the description and claims with at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, anionic monomer (b), preferably representing a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one carboxy, phosphonate or sulfonate group and salts thereof, preferably their ammonium salts or alkaline-earth metal salts or alkali metal salts; and at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, non-ionic monomer (c). The present invention further relates to a copolymer obtainable by said process and its use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a formulation comprising said copolymer and a method of oil production uses said formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a water-soluble copolymer comprising the step of reacting a monomer (a) of formula (I), wherein Q1, Q2, R1 to R7 and X have the meaning as indicated in the description and claims with at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, anionic monomer (b), preferably representing a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one carboxy, phosphonate or sulfonate group and salts thereof, preferably their ammonium salts or alkaline-earth metal salts or alkali metal salts; and at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, non-ionic monomer (c). The present invention further relates to a copolymer obtainable by said process and its use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a formulation comprising said copolymer and a method of oil production uses said formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a water-soluble copolymer comprising the step of reacting a monomer (a) of formula (I), (1) wherein Q1, Q2, R1 to R7and X have the meaning as indicated in the description and claims with at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, anionic monomer (b), preferably representing a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one carboxy, phosphonate or sulfonate group and salts thereof, preferably their ammonium salts or alkaline-earth metal salts or alkali metal salts; and at least one monoethylenically unsaturated, non-ionic monomer (c). The present invention further relates to a copolymer obtainable by said process and its use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a formulation comprising said copolymer and a method of oil production uses said formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure for a switching pressure calculation at a metering valve of a fuel metering device for metering fuel into an exhaust gas system of a combustion engine with a component that is assigned to the exhaust gas system of the combustion engine for a regeneration, for a temperature impinge and/or for a thermo management, whereby the fuel is injected before this component in streaming direction of the exhaust gas. The invention concerns furthermore a corresponding device for implementing the procedure.

Abstract: A method for regulating a common rail injector, the method including acquiring a signal of a sensor, which signal is proportional to a pressure in a valve space of the common rail injector; evaluating a change in the signal over time in order to detect at least one operating event of the common rail injector; and modifying at least one operating variable of the common rail injector as a function of the at least one operating event, the at least one operating variable being selected from an opening duration, a closing duration, an opening point in time, and a closing point in time of a switching valve of the common rail injector, and from an opening duration, an opening point in time, and a closing point in time of a needle valve of the common rail injector.

Abstract: A method for predefining a current through a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve, a closing point in time of the solenoid valve being detected with the aid of a sensor, a sensor value being monitored, and, when a premature closing of the solenoid valve is identified based on the monitored sensor value, the current through the solenoid coil of the solenoid valve is increased.

Abstract: A method for regulating a common rail injector, the method including acquiring a signal of a sensor, which signal is proportional to a pressure in a valve space of the common rail injector; evaluating a change in the signal over time in order to detect at least one operating event of the common rail injector; and modifying at least one operating variable of the common rail injector as a function of the at least one operating event, the at least one operating variable being selected from an opening duration, a closing duration, an opening point in time, and a closing point in time of a switching valve of the common rail injector, and from an opening duration, an opening point in time, and a closing point in time of a needle valve of the common rail injector.

Abstract: A method for predefining a current through a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve, a closing point in time of the solenoid valve being detected with the aid of a sensor, a sensor value being monitored, and, when a premature closing of the solenoid valve is identified based on the monitored sensor value, the current through the solenoid coil of the solenoid valve is increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection system for injecting a fluid into a filter provided in an exhaust system, comprising at least two modules and at least one pressure compensation volume (44, 46, 48, 54, 56, 58), which is designed for feeding fluid to at least one of the modules and hydraulically connects at least two of the modules. Each module comprises at least one injection unit (40, 50, 60) designed for injecting fluid into the exhaust system.

Abstract: A mounting unit (2) for fastening an injection member to an exhaust gas tract has a retaining region (12) for receiving the injection member, and an edge region (28). At least one opening (30) for receiving a fastening element is provided in the edge region (28). The mounting unit (2) is designed in such a manner that there is an air gap (13) between the fastening element and the retaining region (12) when the mounting unit (2) is fastened to the exhaust gas tract by the fastening element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metering device for fuel upstream of an oxidation catalytic converter in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. A closing valve and/or a metering valve and an injection valve are integrated downstream of a supply device for fuel into a line leading to a metering unit. A return having a first overflow valve branches off upstream of the metering unit. A further return having a second overflow valve influencing a mean pressure level of the metering unit is disposed between the closing valve and the metering valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the regeneration, temperature loading and/or thermal management of a component, assigned to an exhaust system, of an internal combustion engine. The device includes at least one injection valve which injects a fluid, in particular fuel, into the exhaust system, preferably in chatter mode, for example as a function of the pressure of the supplied fluid. The injection valve has a valve head and a valve seat which have geometries designed in such a way that a fluidic force of the supplied fluid acting on the injection valve drops continuously over a stroke of the valve head. The invention also relates to an injection valve having such valve-head and valve-seat geometries and to a corresponding method for the regeneration, temperature loading and/or thermal management of a component, assigned to an exhaust system, of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the regeneration, temperature loading and/or thermal management of a component, which is assigned to an exhaust gas system, of an internal combustion engine preferably of a vehicle, having at least one injection valve, which operates preferably in a chatter mode as a function of the pressure of supplied fuel, for injecting fuel for the purpose of regeneration, temperature loading and/or thermal management into the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. The invention is distinguished by at least one pressure control valve which is arranged upstream of the injection valve and dampens or eliminates pressure fluctuations. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of foams, which are stable at high temperatures, e.g. up to about 250° C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing of high temperature stable foams by using a foamable aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection system for injecting a fluid into a filter provided in an exhaust system, comprising at least two modules and at least one pressure compensation volume (44, 46, 48, 54, 56, 58), which is designed for feeding fluid to at least one of the modules and hydraulically connects at least two of the modules. Each module comprises at least one injection unit (40, 50, 60) designed for injecting fluid into the exhaust system.

Abstract: A mounting unit (2) for fastening an injection member to an exhaust gas tract has a retaining region (12) for receiving the injection member, and an edge region (28). At least one opening (30) for receiving a fastening element is provided in the edge region (28). The mounting unit (2) is designed in such a manner that there is an air gap (13) between the fastening element and the retaining region (12) when the mounting unit (2) is fastened to the exhaust gas tract by the fastening element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metering device for fuel upstream of an oxidation catalytic converter in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. A closing valve and/or a metering valve and an injection valve are integrated downstream of a supply device for fuel into a line leading to a metering unit. A return having a first overflow valve branches off upstream of the metering unit. A further return having a second overflow valve influencing a mean pressure level of the metering unit is disposed between the closing valve and the metering valve.