Abstract: A partial beam splitter includes a substrate including a substrate material; and a coating arranged on at least one main surface of the substrate. Along a first direction which is parallel to a normal vector of the main surface, the substrate and all coatings having a total thickness. For a specific light beam having a specific wavelength within a range of 450 nm and 650 nm which is incident on the partial beam splitter along a second direction with an angle of 32° enclosed between a vector pointing in the first direction and a vector pointing in the second direction, the specific light beam after transmitting through the partial beam splitter has a phase having a phase difference of an absolute value of smaller than or equal to 30° compared to the case in which, under otherwise identical conditions, the partial beam splitter is replaced by a similar reference substrate.

Abstract: A waveguide for guiding an image pixel light includes: a solid body including an optical material which is transparent for at least a light with a wavelength of 460 nm; an in-coupling surface located on the solid body; and an out-coupling surface located on the solid body, wherein the optical material has an absorption coefficient ?460 nm for light having a wavelength of 460 nm, a thermal conductivity k, a coefficient of thermal expansion ?20° C. at a temperature of 20° C., a refractive index nF related to the hydrogen F-line, and a derivative dnF/dT20° C. which are related in such a way that a thermally induced change of an optical path length within the waveguide due to an absorption of at least one of heat and an optical radiation is quantitatively described by a merit function.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass wafer for augmented reality applications includes the steps of: providing the raw wafer; edge-grinding of the raw wafer; lapping the raw wafer; rough polishing the raw wafer; fine polishing the raw wafer to obtain an intermediate wafer; gluing the intermediate wafer on a flat carrier; performing single-side polishing of a first main side of the intermediate wafer; and performing single-side polishing of a second main side of the intermediate wafer.

Abstract: A method for physically modifying at least one of at least one region of a surface of a substrate and at least one portion of the substrate, the substrate comprising a multicomponent glass, the method comprising the steps of: providing an apparatus and the substrate, the apparatus including a radiation source configured for generating a particle beam; feeding the substrate to the apparatus and applying a vacuum; modifying at least one of the at least one region of the surface of the substrate and the at least one portion of the substrate by an exposure to the particle beam.

Abstract: In known methods for producing a glass component, a void-containing intermediate product containing doped or non-doped SiO2 is inserted into a sheath tube composed of glass, which has a longitudinal axis and an inner bore, and is thermally treated therein. In order to subject the intermediate product to a thermal and/or reactive treatment that is reproducible and uniform in its effect from this starting point, it is proposed in one embodiment that into the sheath tube's inner bore a first gas-permeable gas diffuser is inserted which is displaceable along the sheath tube's longitudinal axis and is pressed against the intermediate product during the thermal treatment.

Abstract: One aspect is an apparatus for analyzing particles a capillary as a measuring cell with a hollow channel for receiving or passing through a test sample containing the particles includes a light source for generating a light beam, an optical device for coupling the light beam into the hollow channel at an input point for the purpose of illuminating the test sample, and a detector for detecting scattered light exiting the hollow channel. In one aspects, the hollow channel has an internal diameter DH in the range of 10 ?m to 60 ?m, that the light beam has a radial light intensity distribution with a minimum beam diameter DL, wherein the following applies to the diameter ratio DL/DH: 0.05<DL/DH<2.00, and that the light beam has an angle of incidence of less than 2 degrees in relation to the hollow channel's longitudinal axis on entering the hollow channel.

Abstract: In known methods for producing a glass component, a void-containing intermediate product containing doped or non-doped SiO2 is inserted into a sheath tube composed of glass, which has a longitudinal axis and an inner bore, and is thermally treated therein. In order to subject the intermediate product to a thermal and/or reactive treatment that is reproducible and uniform in its effect from this starting point, it is proposed in one embodiment that into the sheath tube's inner bore a first gas-permeable gas diffuser is inserted which is displaceable along the sheath tube's longitudinal axis and is pressed against the intermediate product during the thermal treatment.

Abstract: A method of producing a capillary tube from glass includes zonally softening a tubular preform having an outer diameter DOD, an inner diameter DID and a diameter ratio Drel—with Drel=DOD/DID—in a heating zone heated to a draw temperature Tdraw and drawing off continuously from the softened region a capillary strand having an outer diameter dAD, an inner diameter dID and a diameter ratio drel—with drel=dOD/dID—at a draw speed vdraw and cutting the capillary to length therefrom. For cost-effective production of a thick-walled capillary by drawing from a preform without strict requirements for the geometry and dimensional accuracy of the preform, the capillary bore is subjected in the heating zone to a shrinkage process based on the action of draw temperature Tdraw and surface tension, such that the diameter ratio drel of the capillary strand is adjusted to a value greater than the diameter ratio Drel of the preform by at least a factor of 5.

Abstract: One aspect is an apparatus for analyzing particles a capillary as a measuring cell with a hollow channel for receiving or passing through a test sample containing the particles includes a light source for generating a light beam, an optical device for coupling the light beam into the hollow channel at an input point for the purpose of illuminating the test sample, and a detector for detecting scattered light exiting the hollow channel. In one aspects, the hollow channel has an internal diameter DH in the range of 10 ?m to 60 ?m, that the light beam has a radial light intensity distribution with a minimum beam diameter DL, wherein the following applies to the diameter ratio DL/DH: 0.05<DL/DH<2.00, and that the light beam has an angle of incidence of less than 2 degrees in relation to the hollow channel's longitudinal axis on entering the hollow channel.

Abstract: A measuring cell includes a cavity for receiving a test sample to be used in a particle detection apparatus. The measuring cell is configured as an optical waveguide for guiding a light beam. The waveguide has a core which has a refractive index nK, extends along a longitudinal axis of the waveguide, has a cross-sectional area AK of less than 80 ?m2 in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and which is surrounded by a cladding having a smaller refractive index than nK. The cavity forms a channel. The channel extends along the longitudinal axis, is formed inside of or in contact with the core, and has at least one open end with an opening area AH of less than 0.2 ?m2.

Abstract: A measuring cell includes a cavity for receiving a test sample to be used in a particle detection apparatus. The measuring cell is configured as an optical waveguide for guiding a light beam. The waveguide has a core which has a refractive index nK, extends along a longitudinal axis of the waveguide, has a cross-sectional area AK of less than 80 ?m2 in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and which is surrounded by a cladding having a smaller refractive index than nK. The cavity forms a channel. The channel extends along the longitudinal axis, is formed inside of or in contact with the core, and has at least one open end with an opening area AH of less than 0.2 ?m2.

Abstract: A switchable support element (1) for a valve train of an internal combustion engine is disclosed, including a housing (4), in the bore of which (5) an axially displaceable inner element (7) is located, wherein two coupling slides (9) run in a radial bore (8) of the inner element (7) and can be brought into engagement with a driver surface of the housing (4) in an axially extended position, wherein the extended position is limited by a height stop (10), which is formed of a circlip assembly, which runs peripherally on an annular shoulder (13) of the inner element (7) and which, in the event of contact, lies radially externally above the upper annular end (14) thereof in abutment against a lower annular edge (15) of an annular groove (16) of the housing (4) near the upper edge thereof (17), and wherein an outer casing (11) of the housing is enclosed by a rotationally fixed ring as an outer anti-twist mechanism (12) with an offset bore (18).

Abstract: A switchable support element (1) for a valve train of an internal combustion engine is disclosed, including a housing (4), in the bore of which (5) an axially displaceable inner element (7) is located, wherein two coupling slides (9) run in a radial bore (8) of the inner element (7) and can be brought into engagement with a driver surface of the housing (4) in an axially extended position, wherein the extended position is limited by a height stop (10), which is formed of a circlip assembly, which runs peripherally on an annular shoulder (13) of the inner element (7) and which, in the event of contact, lies radially externally above the upper annular end (14) thereof in abutment against a lower annular edge (15) of an annular groove (16) of the housing (4) near the upper edge thereof (17), and wherein an outer casing (11) of the housing is enclosed by a rotationally fixed ring as an outer anti-twist mechanism (12) with an offset bore (18).