Abstract: Film bags or film tubes formed from biaxially oriented film including less than 10 ppm of antimony and having a haze of less than 10% are provided. The films have an ultimate tensile strength of more than 100 N/mm2; have a difference in the ultimate tensile strength in MD and TD of less than 180 N/mm2; have a tensile strain at break of more than 50%; a tensile strain at break of more than 260%; have a yellowness index b* of less than 2.5; have a lightness L*>85; include from 50 to 15 000 ppm of free-radical scavenger; have an SV of at least 600 after ovening; have a tensile strain at break of >5% after ovening; have a film thickness of from 6 to 26 ?m; and include more than 90% by weight of polyester.

Abstract: The invention relates to water standards that are producible by grounding and mixing at least one component abounding in water and one water-free or low water component each. The inventive water standards are characterized by a good storage stability. They are suitable for the calibration or the inspection of devices to determine the water content after thermal release, especially for determining the water content according to Karl Fischer in combination with a Karl Fischer oven (Karl-Fischer oven technique).

Abstract: The invention relates to water standards that are producible by grounding and mixing at least one component abounding in water and one water-free or low water component each. The inventive water standards are characterized by a good storage stability. They are suitable for the calibration or the inspection of devices to determine the water content after thermal release, especially for determining the water content according to Karl Fischer in combination with a Karl Fischer oven (Karl-Fischer oven technique).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of producing a surface layer structure by doping a matrix with metal ions. The aim of the invention is to provide a method of this kind in which the depth distribution of the metal ions in the substrate can be regulated, thus optimumizing the doping without incurring any of the disadvantages inherent in the prior art methods. This is achieved by first depositing matrix material on a suitable substrate by laser ablation in an atmosphere of oxygen, thus forming a on surface of the substrate a first layer a matrix material. Dopant is then deposited on the surface of the first layer, followed by more matrix material. The result is a uniform doping of the deposited matrix at a defined depth in the surface layer structure.