Abstract: Various embodiments may provide an apparatus for maintaining a pressure different from atmospheric pressure. The apparatus may include a plurality of structural members coupled together to at least partially define a space which is configured to have a pressure different from atmospheric pressure, a structural member of the plurality of structural members being a support structure having an array of holes. The apparatus may also include a film covering a surface of the support structure having an array of holes. The film maybe adapted to allow a predetermined range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves to pass through.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a load-bearing structure. The method may include establishing overall dimensions and expected loading conditions of the load-bearing structure; determining a material density distribution within a solid model for the load-bearing structure based on the overall dimensions and the expected loading conditions for a predetermined objective end constraint; generating stress field data for the determined material density distribution based on the expected loading conditions; transforming the solid model into a spatially-graded mesh model having a plurality of three-dimensional cells based on orthogonal isostatic lines populated along principal stress directions of the stress field data; and fabricating the load-bearing structure with truss members aligned according to the spatially-graded mesh model. A system for manufacturing a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing structure manufactured thereof.