Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates useful in preparing 1H-imidazo [4,5-C]quinoline 4-amines, a process for preparing 1H-imidazo[4,5-C]quinoline 4-amines using such intermediates; and, to the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-C]quinoline 4-amine (Imiquimod) using two intermediates, 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-cyano and 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 4-carboxamide, and to the said intermediates.

Abstract: Processes for separation of enantiomers of clopidogrel, and converting one enantiomer of clopidogrel to another enantiomer of clopidogrel are provided. The enantiomers are separated by crystallizing the (S) enantiomer as camphor sulfonate salt from a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a co-solvent, preferably DMF:toluene. The (R) enantiomer is then racemized and recycled by reaction with a catalytic amount of a base, preferably with t-butoxide.

Abstract: The invention provides 1H-imidazo(4,5-C)quinolin-4-phthalimide intermediates useful in the synthesis of 1H-imidazo(4,5-C)quinoline-4-amines, particularly Imiquimod. The invention further provides a method for making the intermediates and a method for making 1H-imidazo(4,5-C)quinoline-4-amines via the intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates useful in preparing 1H-imidazo[4,5-C] quinoline 4-amines, a process for preparing 1H-imidazo[4,5-C] quinoline 4-amines using such intermediates; and, to the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-cyano and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-carboxamide intermediates. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-C] quinoline 4-amine (Imiquimod) using two intermediates, 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-cyano and 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline 4-carboxamide, and to the said intermediates.

Abstract: Processes for separation of enantiomers of clopidogrel, and converting one enantiomer of clopidogrel to another enantiomer of clopidogrel are provided. The enantiomers are separated by crystallizing the (S) enantiomer as camphor sulfonate salt from a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a co-solvent, preferably DMF:toluene. The (R) enantiomer is then racemized and recycled by reaction with a catalytic amount of a base, preferably with t-butoxide.

Abstract: Processes for separation of enantiomers of clopidogrel, and converting one enantiomer of clopidogrel to another enantiomer of clopidogrel are provided. The enantiomers are separated by crystallizing the (S) enantiomer as camphor sulfonate salt from a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a co-solvent, preferably DMF:toluene. The (R) enantiomer is then racemized and recycled by reaction with a catalytic amount of a base, preferably with t-butoxide.

Abstract: Processes for separation of enantiomers of clopidogrel, and converting one enantiomer of clopidogrel to another enantiomer of clopidogrel are provided. The enantiomers are separated by crystallizing the (S) enantiomer as camphor sulfonate salt from a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a co-solvent, preferably DMF:toluene. The (R) enantiomer is then racemized and recycled by reaction with a catalytic amount of a base, preferably with t-butoxide.

Abstract: Processes for separation of enantiomers of clopidogrel, and converting one enantiomer of clopidogrel to another enantiomer of clopidogrel are provided. The enantiomers are separated by crystallizing the (S) enantiomer as camphor sulfonate salt from a hydrocarbon, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a co-solvent, preferably DMF:toluene. The (R) enantiomer is then racemized and recycled by reaction with a catalytic amount of a base, preferably with t-butoxide.

Abstract: A pipe-laying vessel includes a vessel that is propelled during pipe-laying; a tower on the vessel; a device for raising a length of pipe from a deck of the vessel to a position aligned with the tower; a device for joining such a length of pipe to a pipeline being laid; and tensioners arranged to grip such a pipeline and to lower it into the water while maintaining a desired tension in the pipeline as the pipeline passes through the tensioners; and one or more clamps arranged to grip the pipeline below the tensioners.

Abstract: A pipe-laying vessel comprises: means (2) for propelling the vessel during pipe-laying; means for assembling sections of pipe generally horizontally on the vessel to form longer lengths; a tower (14) at the bow of the vessel, with respect to an intended direction of movement, pivotally mounted so that it can be angled forwards towards the top; means (29) for raising a length of pipe from the deck to a position aligned with the tower; means (21, 23) for joining such a length of pipe to a pipeline being laid; tensioners (20) arranged to grip such a pipeline and to lower it into the water while maintaining a desired tension in the pipeline; one or more clamps (18) arranged to grip the pipeline below the tensioners; and a lower ramp (17) provided with rollers and arranged to guide the pipeline as it leaves the vessel.

Abstract: New process for the synthesis of the antiinflammatory drug known as nabumetone that consists in reacting 2-acetyl-5-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene with an alkyl acetate in presence of an alkaline alcoholate to get 4-(5-bromo-6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-4-hydroxybut-3-en-2-one that by catalytic hydrogenation in a polar solvent and in presence of a base gives 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)butan-2-one known as nabumetone.

Abstract: New process for the synthesis of the antiinflammatory drug known as nabumetone that consists in reacting 2-acetyl-5-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene with an alkyl acetate in presence of an alkaline alcoholate to get 4-(5-bromo-6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-4-hydroxybut-3-en-2-one that by catalytic hydrogenation in a polar solvent and in presence of a base gives 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)butan-2-one known as nabumetone.